R Quinault - Popular Protest and Public Order: Six Studies in British History, 1790-1920

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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: POLITICAL PROTEST

Volume 17

POPULAR PROTEST AND PUBLIC ORDER

POPULAR PROTEST AND PUBLIC ORDER

Six Studies in British History, 17901920

Edited by
R. QUINAULT AND J. STEVENSON

First published in 1974 by George Allen & Unwin Ltd.

This edition first published in 2022

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1974 George Allen & Unwin Ltd.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-03-203038-8 (Set)

ISBN: 978-1-00-319086-8 (Set) (ebk)

ISBN: 978-1-03-203358-7 (Volume 17) (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-03-203359-4 (Volume 17) (pbk)

ISBN: 978-1-00-318689-2 (Volume 17) (ebk)

DOI: 10.4324/9781003186892

Publishers Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer

The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.

Popular Protest and Public Order

Six Studies in British History 17901920

Edited by
R. QUINAULT and J. STEVENSON

First published in 1974

This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. All rights are reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1956, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the publishers.

George Allen & Unwin Ltd. 1974

ISBN 0 04 942137 9

Printed in Great Britain
in 11 point Baskerville type
by Alden & Mowbray Ltd
at the Alden Press, Oxford

To R. M. Hartwell
with appreciation

The Contributors

R. QUINAULT
Educated at Magdalen College and Nuffield College, Oxford, and spent a year studying at Columbia University. Now working on the landed interest and the decline of the aristocracy in Victorian Britain.

J. STEVENSON
Educated at Worcester College and Nuffield College, Oxford. Lecturer in Modern History at Oriel College from 1971.

E. RICHARDS
Author of The Uviathan of Wealth (1973) and several articles on Scottish economic and social history; now lectures at The Flinders University of South Australia.

D. PHILIPS
Born Johannesburg, South Africa; educated at Witwatersrand University and Nuffield College, Oxford. Now lectures at the University of Melbourne and is working on crime in mid-nineteenth century England.

F. C. MATHER
Author of Public Order in the Age of the Chartists (1959) and After the Canal Duke (1970). Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Southampton.

I. McLEAN
Born 1946; educated at Christ Church, Oxford; student and research fellow, Nuffield College, 196771. Lecturer in Politics at the University of Newcastle since 1971. Now working on a life of Keir Hardy.

Contents

Introduction

by J. STEVENSON

2 Patterns of Highland Discontent, 17901860

by E. RICHARDS

3 The General Strike of 1842: A Study in Leadership, Organisation and the Threat of Revolution during the Plug Plot Disturbances

by F. C. MATHER

4 Riots and Public Order in the Black Country, 18351860

by D. PHILIPS

5 The Warwickshire County Magistracy and Public Order, c. 18301870

by R. QUINAULT

6 Popular Protest and Public Order: Red Clydeside, 19151919

by IAIN McLEAN

Maps

Locations of Highland disorder, 17901860

Tables

4 Locations and kinds of Highland disorder in the first half of the nineteenth century

5 Number of sets of prosecutions, and individual indictments for riot and allied offences, in the Black Country, 183560

Introduction

During recent years no aspect of the social history of modern Britain has aroused more general interest and controversy than the study of popular protest and public order. This interest has been stimulated by the wave of riots and disturbance which swept over Europe and America in the 1960s. Yet it would be wrong to assume that academic historical studies in this field are merely a passing fashion. For in Britain at least the present interest in such questions is part of a much longer process: the gradual, but fundamental revision of the assumptions that underlie traditional accounts of the development of modern Britain. One of the principal canons of the orthodox version of our history is the belief that the peaceful evolution of our national institutions has been the hall-mark that has made Britain unique among the developed nations.

This emphasis on the peaceful character of modern Britain has, of course, some foundation in fact. But a variety of influences have tended to exaggerate the extent of such peaceful development and the reasons for such stability remain largely conjectural. Until recently, the Whig school of historiography was universally influential indeed it still forms the foundations of many popular histories of Britain. This interpretation regarded the conflict between King and Parliament in the seventeenth century as the critical period in our national development. As apologists for the Revolution of 1688, the adherents of this school had little incentive to search for symptoms of protest and disorder in the subsequent history of Britain. Hence the view that the eighteenth century was merely a period of political stability and national expansion despite the existence of a virile radical tradition which helped to conceive both parliamentary reform and the American Revolution. Hence also the convenient exclusion of the disorders and coercion in Ireland and Scotland from the framework of English politics despite the Acts of Union.

The stress on the peaceful nature of British development has also reflected national insularity and chauvinism. In the nineteenth century the political bouleversements and excesses on the Continent were implicitly condemned by reference to the distaste for such proceedings in Britain. Such views were largely founded on emotive patriotism but were sometimes based on a misleading semblance of reason. To take one example, much of the strength of the British reaction to the French Revolution is to be ascribed to a traditional suspicion of French ambitions in a territorial rather than a constitutional context. Moreover, the worst excesses of the Revolution commenced only after Britain had joined in a coercive offensive alliance against France. What was true in 1794 was also true in 1870: the political system of France bent under the pressure of foreign invasion-with bloody consequences.

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