Ida Altman - Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and America in the Sixteenth Century
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Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and America in the Sixteenth Century
Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and America in the Sixteenth Century: summary, description and annotation
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The opening of the New World to Spanish settlement had more than the limited impact on individuals and society which scholars have traditionally granted it. Many families and young single people left the neighboring cities of C?ceres and Trujillo in the Extremadura region of southwestern Spain for the Indies. By maintaining ties with home and one another, and sometimes returning, these emigrants developed patterns of involvement that on one level were linked directly to place of origin and on another would come to characterize the emigration movement as a whole. Ida Altman shows that the Indies could and did have a substantial and perceptible effect on local society in Spain, as the New World quickly became an important arena of activity for people seeking new and better opportunities. Her findings suggest interesting conclusions regarding the relationship of sixteenth-century Spanish emigration to the larger movement of people from Europe to the Western Hemisphere in modern times.
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Map of the Iberian Peninsula showing the Extremadura region.
Page iii
Emigrants and Society
Extremadura and America in the Sixteenth Century
Ida Altman
University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London
Page iv
The publisher wishes to acknowledge the generous assistance of The Program for Cultural Cooperation between Spain's Ministry of Culture and United States Universities in the publication of this book.
University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd. London, England
Copyright 1989 by The Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Altman, Ida. Emigrants and society : Extremadura and America in the sixteenth century / Ida Altman. p. cm. Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 0-520-06494-1 (alk. paper) 1. Cceres Region (Spain)Emigration and immigrationHistory16th century. 2. Trujillo Region (Cceres, Spain)Emigration and immigration History16th century. 3. Cceres Region (Spain) Social conditions. 4. Trujillo Region (Cceres, Spain) Social conditions. 5. Latin AmericaEmigration and immigrationHistory16th century. I. Title. JV8259.C33A68 1989 325.46'28dc19 88-38074 CIP
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Page v
Contents
Acknowledgements
vii
Introduction
1
I. Local Society in Northern Extremadura
14
II. Nobles and Hidalgos
44
III. Commoners, Clergy, and Professionals
88
IV. Family, Kinship, and Society
126
V. The Movement to the New World
165
VI. Extremeos in the New World
210
VII. Return Migration
247
VIII. Conclusion
275
Notes
285
Glossary
345
Bibliography
353
Index
363
Page vii
Acknowledgments
Research and writing to a great extent were made possible by funding from the Commission for Educational and Cultural Exchange between Spain and the United States, for dissertation research in 19781979 and postdoctoral work in 1985, and from the University of New Orleans in the summers of 1984 and 1987.
I wish to acknowledge a number of people for their contributions to the completion of this book. Mara Isabel Sim, director of the Archivo Histrico Provincial of Cceres, Magdalena Galiana Nez, director of the Archivo Municipal of Trujillo, and Ftima Martn Pedrilla of Cceres offered crucial assistance in the archives and friendship as well. My thanks also to Carmen Otuerta de Salas of Madrid and Trujillo. I am very grateful to the following: James Lockhart for invaluable suggestions and criticism; Helen Nader, Stuart B. Schwartz, William B. Taylor, and David S. Reher for their comments on the manuscript; Richard L. Kagan and Franklin W. Knight for their encouragement over the years; Scott Mahler of the University of California Press for his support and assistance; Paula Cizmar for copy editing; and Beryl Gauthier for efficient and patient typing of most of the manuscript. Suzanne Shean of the School of Urban and Regional Studies, University of New Orleans, drew the excellent detail map of the region; special thanks also to Dick Jacobs for additional artwork on the maps.
I also thank the many other friends and colleagues who have provided insight and inspiration and especially my family for their support, understanding, and unfailingly sound advice. At its best this volume reflects the efforts and concern of those acknowledged
Page viii
here; its shortcomings are my responsibility alone. I dedicate the the book to my parents, whose love and example in so many ways have made this work possible.
Page ix
Northern Extremadura: The Caceres Trujillo Region
Page 1
Introduction
The purpose of this book is to study the movement of people between Spain and American in the sixteenth century by examining the experiences of emigrants who lived in, left, and sometimes returned to a specific area in southwestern Spain. It is not activities in the Indies that define the emigrant group; in the New World the people in question engaged in a variety of pursuits and achieved both failure and success, notoriety and obscurity, distinction and mediocrity. What the emigrants did have in common were their origins in and connections to the small cities and villages of northeastern Extremadura. They were relatives, friends, and neighbors. They knew or knew about one another, associated closely once they arrived in the New World, kept in touch with people back home, returned home to visit or to stay, and encouraged further emigration from their home towns, thus nurturing the patterns of association based on kinship and common origin that served to define them as a group.
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