J.L. Granatstein - Canada at War: Conscription, Diplomacy, and Politics

University of Toronto Press 2020
Toronto Buffalo London
utorontopress.com
Printed in Canada

ISBN 978-1-4875-0705-3 (cloth)
ISBN 978-1-4875-2476-0 (paper)
ISBN 978-1-4875-3547-6 (EPUB)
ISBN 978-1-4875-3546-9 (PDF)

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Title: Canada at war : conscription, diplomacy, and politics / J.L. Granatstein.

Names: Granatstein, J. L., author.

Description: Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20200278274 | Canadiana (ebook) 20200278339 | ISBN 9781487507053 (cloth) | ISBN 9781487524760 (paper) | ISBN 9781487535476 (EPUB) | ISBN 9781487535469 (PDF)

Subjects: LCSH: World War, 19141918 Canada. | LCSH: World War, 19391945 Canada. | LCSH: King, William Lyon Mackenzie, 18741950. | LCSH: Draft United States History 20th century. | LCSH: Canada Politics and government 19141945. | LCSH: Canada Foreign relations 19141945.

Classification: LCC FC163 .G73 2020 | DDC 971.062/2 dc23

Every effort has been made to obtain permissions for the reprinted material in this book. Any oversights brought to the attention of the publisher will be rectified in all future printings of the book.

University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council, an Ontario government agency.

The chapters in this volume present one historians assessment of some key episodes in the first half of Canadas twentieth century, notably conscription in the two world wars, the shaping of foreign policy, and some domestic political issues. The central figure is unquestionably Mackenzie King, the nations longest serving prime minister and in my view one of Canadas greatest leaders and the chapters, written over a long career of research and writing, cover some of the issues and policies that King and his government dealt with. The last section offers a few more personal reflections on the state of Canadian history.

As a researcher, I tried to find and use every archival collection on the subjects in which I was interested, and I was very fortunate that collections at the National Archives in Ottawa, in some departments of government, in other repositories in Canada, the United States, and Britain, and in private hands were beginning to be open to researchers as my career started in the mid-1960s, and as it continued. Much like everything I have written, the chapters here were based on the documents and the available published materials, and I believe they made and continue to make a good guide to the extant manuscript sources, books, and articles.

The essays were written over many years and presented in journals with many differing styles of documenting sources. I have not altered the endnotes as originally written.

A few of the chapters were written with colleagues, and I am grateful to them for permission to include them here and also grateful to the copyright holders for permission to reprint these papers. It gives me substantial pleasure to acknowledge that everything I write rests heavily on the work of distinguished scholars and friends, not least Charles Stacey, James Eayrs, John Holmes, Norman Hillmer, Robert Bothwell, John English, Desmond Morton, David Bercuson, and many more. I am indebted to them all, and I hope that I have added something to the rich mix of interpretations and ideas that shape the story of Canada.

JLG

To win, at any cost: Politics and Manpower Policies, 1917, in Douglas Delaney and Serge Durflinger, eds., Capturing Hill 70: Canadas Forgotten Battle of the First World War (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2016), 20525. With permission of the publisher from Capturing Hill 70, edited by Douglas Delaney and Serge Durflinger, UBC Press, 2016. All rights reserved by the publisher.

Conscription in the Great War, in David Mackenzie, ed., Canada and the Great War: Essays in Honour of Robert Craig Brown (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005), 6275. Reprinted with permission.

The Conservative Party and Conscription in the Second World War, Canadian Historical Association Annual Report 1967, 13048. Reprinted with permission.

The York South By-Election of 1942: A Turning Point in Canadian History, Canadian Historical Review 48 (June 1967), 14258. Reprinted with permission.

The Hard Obligations of Citizenship: The Second World War in Canada, in William Kaplan, ed., Belonging: The Meaning and Future of Canadian Citizenship (Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 1993), 3649. Reprinted with permission.

Conscription and My Politics, Canadian Military History 10 (Autumn 2001), 3538. Reprinted with permission.

(and R. Bothwell) A self-evident national duty: Canadian Foreign Policy, 19351939, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 3 (1975), 21233.

Mackenzie King and Canada at Ogdensburg, August 1940, in J. Jockel and J. Sokolsky, eds., The Road from Ogdensburg: Fifty Years of Canada-US Defence Cooperation (Lewiston, N.Y.: Mellen Press, 1992), 929. Reprinted with permission.

(and R. Cuff) The Hyde Park Declaration of 1941, Canadian Historical Review 55 (March 1974), 5980. Reprinted with permission.

The Man Who Wasnt There: Mackenzie King, Canada and the Atlantic Charter, in Douglas Brinkley and David Facey-Crowther, eds., The Atlantic Charter (New York: St Martins, 1994), 11528.

Happily on the Margins: Mackenzie King and Canada at the Quebec Conferences, in D.B. Woolner, ed., The Second Quebec Conference Revisited (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998), 4964. Reprinted with permission.

Financing the Liberal Party, 193545, in M. Cross and R. Bothwell, eds., Policy by Other Means: Essays in Honour of C.P. Stacey (Toronto: Clarke Irwin 1972), 17999.

King and His Cabinet, 193945, in J. English and J. Stubbs, eds., Mackenzie King: Widening the Debate (Toronto: Macmillan, 1978), 17390.

(and Gregory A. Johnson), The Evacuation of the Japanese Canadians, 1942: A Realist Critique of the Received Version, in G.N. Hillmer et al., eds., On Guard for Thee: War. Ethnicity and the Canadian State 193945 (Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada, 1988), 10130.

Arming the Nation: The Canadian Industrial War Effort, 19391945, Canadian Council of Chief Executives, 2005.

A Half-Century On: The Veterans Experience, in P. Neary and J.L. Granatstein, eds., The Veterans Charter and PostWorld War II Canada (Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 1998), 22431. Reprinted with permission.

What Is to Be Done? The Future of Canadian Second World War History, Canadian Military Journal 11, no. 2 (2011), 549. Initially published in Canadian Military Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, Spring 2011 at http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/voll/no2/09-granatstein-eng.asp

Thirty Years in the Trenches: A Military Historians Report on the War between Teaching and Research, Canadian Military History 19 (2010), 3741. Reprinted with permission.