David M. Fahey - Temperance and Racism: John Bull, Johnny Reb, and the Good Templars

Temperance
and Racism

Temperance
and Racism

John Bull, Johnny Reb,
and the Good Templars

David M. Fahey

Copyright 1996 by The University Press of Kentucky

Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth,
serving Bellarmine College, Berea College, Centre
College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University,
The Filson Club, Georgetown College, Kentucky
Historical Society, Kentucky State University,
Morehead State University, Murray State University,
Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University,
University of Kentucky, University of Louisville,
and Western Kentucky University.

Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky
663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008

96 97 98 99 00 5 4 3 2 1

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Fahey, David M.

Temperance and racism : John Bull, Johnny Reb, and the
Good Templars / David M. Fahey.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN: 978-0-8131-6003-0

1. International Order of Good TemplarsHistory.
2. International Order of Good TemparsMembershipHistory.
3. Race discrimination I. Title.
HV5006.F33 1996
363.4'1'09dc20 96-12156

To my wife, Mary,
and our daughter, Juliana,
with love

Contents

Illustrations follow

Acknowledgments

For my stories of Templar men and women, I am indebted to the libraries I have visited in Britain and the United States, as well as to institutions in these countries and in Australia and Canada that helped me by lending or copying materials.

The United Kingdom Temperance Alliance allowed me access to its private library, and the Grand Lodge of England permitted me to examine printed records at its office in Birmingham before they were deposited with the Alliance in London. I read extensively at the British Library, mostly at the Colindale newspaper library, and more briefly at the libraries of the University of London and the London School of Economics.

My most important research in the United States took place at the New York Public Library, whose massive James Black temperance collection is housed in the Annex; the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison; the Department of Manuscripts and University Archives, Cornell University, where I consulted the Edward C. Sturges temperance collection; the Michigan Historical Collections, Bentley Historical Library, Ann Arbor; and the Ohio Historical Society, Columbus.

I also did research at the North Carolina collection, University of North Carolina; the Library of Congress; Wright State University (Martha McClellan Brown papers); the University of Washington (George F. Cotterill papers); the archives and library divisions of the Minnesota Historical Society; the Earl W. Hayter Regional Historical Center, Northern Illinois University; the Boston Public Library; the American Antiquarian Society; Florida State University; the University of Wisconsin; the Filson Club, Louisville; the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Area Research Center, La Crosse; the Utica, New York, Public Library; the Chicago Historical Society; the Womans Christian Temperance Union, Evanston, Illinois; the University of Illinois; Indiana University; Oberlin College; Earlham College; the West Virginia state archives; Duke University; the Western Reserve Historical Society; and the Cleveland Public Library. Alas! I discovered that most of the non-Ohio material listed in the National Union Catalog for the last two institutions no longer exists.

I also obtained photocopied or microform materials from Canter Brown Jr., Tallahassee; the University of Georgia; the University of Kentucky (filmed for me by Stephen M. Savage); the State Historical Society of North Dakota; Martha M. Pickrell, Elkhart, Indiana; the South Caroliniana Library, the University of South Carolina; J. Edwin Hendricks, Wake Forest University; the Huntington Library; the Center for Research Libraries; Idaho Historical Society; Kansas State Historical Society; Depauw University (copied for me by John R. Riggs); the George Fox College archives (copied for me by Ralph Beebe); the California Historical Society, San Francisco; Monroe County May Hill Russell Library, Key West, Florida (copied for me by Tom Hambright); the Florida Collection, Jacksonville Public Libraries (copied for me by C.H. Harris); the Black Archives, Florida A&M University; the Germantown Historical Society, Philadelphia (courtesy of David R. Contosta, Chestnut Hill College); and, in Australia, the State Library Service of Western Australia, Perth; and the Mitchell Library, Sydney, New South Wales. My apologies for any oversights in this list.

Miami University photographed illustrations of G.W. Bain, S.B. Chase, John B. Finch, Jessie Forsyth, S.D. Hastings, J.J. Hickman, F.G. Keens, and Oronhyatekha, which appeared in Thomas F. Parker, History of the Independent Order of Good Templars from the Origin of the Order to the Session of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of 1887, rev. ed. (1882; New York: Phillips & Hunt, 1887); of the Boston union conference in Frances E. Finch and Frank J. Sibley, John B. Finch: His Life and Work (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1888); of Eliza A. Gardner in Hallie Q. Brown, Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction (Xenia, Ohio: Aldine, 1926; also reprinted, New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988); of Joseph Malins in Joseph Malins, The Life of Joseph Malins, Patriarch Templar, Citizen, and Temperance Reformer (Birmingham: Templar Press, 1932); of Morton Chapel and Frederic Richard Lees in Ernest Hurst Cherrington, ed., Standard Encyclopedia of the Alcohol Problem (Westerville, Ohio: American Issue, 1926-30); and, from the International Good Templar, of J.W. Hood (Aug.-Sept. 1878), John Pyper (Jan.-March 1879), S.C. Goosley (April-June 1879), Joseph E. Lee (July-Sept. 1879), Harriet N.K. Goff (Oct.-Dec. 1879), and J.G. Thrower (May 1895). The British Library photographed illustrations of W.M. Artrell, William Wells Brown, and Catherine Impey in the Good Templars Watchword (12 March, 11 July 1877, 30 April 1879). The shelfmarks are 89 (for Impey) and 151 (for Artrell and Brown). I thank Barbara Wheeler of Miami Universitys Applied Technologies and Claire E. Cumber of the British Librarys Newspaper Library for making the arrangements, as well as the British Library for permission to publish illustrations from its collections.

Jenny Presnell, the interlibrary loan staff, and others at Miami Universitys King Library provided indispensable assistance. Computer access to other libraries enabled me to browse collections that I have never seen.

Jeri Schaner and Liz Smith printed countless drafts, created computer-readable texts of documents, and in general lightened my burdens. Pat Sterling, copyeditor, made innumerable improvements to my manuscript.

I am grateful to the Miami University history department and its chair, the dean of the College of Arts and Science, and the provost for a semester of sabbatical leave; to Miamis committee on faculty research for a summer research grant and a grant-in-aid; and to the National Endowment for the Humanities for a travel grant.

I am also grateful to the scholars who have read my manuscript in whole or in part, answered queries, or commented on a related paper that I presented in 1993 at an international congress on the social history of alcohol held at Huron College, London, Ontario. In thanking these people, I must begin with Frank J. Merli, Queens College, City University of New York, who read innumerable drafts. Perhaps vainly, he urged the merits of clarity and conciseness, transitions and topic sentences, and chapters that do not just stop but conclude. During times of discouragement my Miami colleague Ronald E. Shaw convinced me that the book was worth completing. Jack S. Blocker Jr., Huron College, Ontario, read the penultimate draft and persuaded me to reorganize the third chapter. Nancy G. Garner, Wright State University, also read this draft and insisted on a separate conclusion.