OPPORTUNITIES AND DEPRIVATION IN THE URBAN SOUTH
Cities and Society Series
Series Editor:
Chris Pickvance, Professor of Urban Studies, University of Kent, UK
Cities and Society is a series disseminating high quality new research and scholarship which contribute to a sociological understanding of the city. The series promotes scholarly engagement with contemporary issues such as urban access to public and private services; urban governance; urban conflict and protest; residential segregation and its effects; urban infrastructure; privacy, sociability and lifestyles; the city and space; and the sustainable city.
Opportunities and Deprivation in the Urban South
Poverty, Segregation and Social Networks in So Paulo
EDUARDO CESAR LEO MARQUES
University of So Paulo, Brazil and
Center for Metropolitan Studies (CEM), Brazil
First published 2012 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
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Copyright Eduardo Cesar Leo Marques 2012
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Marques, Eduardo Cesar.
Opportunities and deprivation in the urban south : poverty, segregation and social networks in Sao Paulo.
1. Sao Paulo (Brazil) Social conditions. 2. Segregation Brazil Sao Paulo. 3. Poverty Brazil Sao Paolo. 4. Equality Brazil Sao Paulo. 5. Social networks Brazil Sao Paulo.
I. Title
307.76098161-dc23
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Marques, Eduardo Cesar Leo.
Opportunities and deprivation in the urban South : poverty, segregation and social networks in Sco Paulo / by Eduardo Cesar Leo Marques.
p. cm. (Cities and society)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4094-4270-7 (hardback : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-3155-9900-7 (ebook) 1. Urban poorBrazilSco Paulo. 2. Social networksBrazilSco Paulo. I. Title.
HC190.P6M37 2012
305.569098161dc23
2012006251
ISBN 9781409442707 (hbk)
ISBN 9781315599007 (ebk)
ISBN 9781317085324 (ebk-ePUB)
Contents
There is no such thing as society. There are individual men and women, and there are families.
Margaret Thatcher, 1987.
For too long, we have ignored the importance of social networks in the design of welfare policies because we have assumed that some combination of incentives and skills are sufficient to tackle the problem of social exclusion
The only debate about the future of welfare that is worth having is one about how our system can become part of what sustains the network fabric of our society.
Perri 6, 1997.
Here it is each one together with its own
(Aqui cada um com o seu cada qual)
Interviewee of Jd. Elba, Sapopemb, a 2007.
List of Illustrations
Figures
Graph
Maps
Tables
Photographs
Photograph credits
: Lcio Kowarick.
: Encarnacin Moya.
: Raphael Soares
All others: Eduardo Marques.
Acknowledgements
This book is a reviewed and substantially enlarged version of my Livre-docente professorship thesis presented at the University of So Paulo in 2007. It is only fair, then, that I start by thanking the several important suggestions made by the Committee, composed by Maria Hermnia Tavares de Almeida, Braslio Salum, Argelina Figueiredo, Celi Scalon and Narcio Menezes. Several of their comments were incorporated in the following phases of the research, which led me to enlarge the empirical dataset and include several other chapters.
This research is profoundly marked by the environment of the Centro de Estudos da Metrpole (Cem) Centre for Metropolitan Studies. The motivation to explore networks and segregation together derived itself from previous studies developed collectively at the Center, especially So Paulo: segregao, pobreza e desigualdades sociais edited by me and Haroldo Torres in 2005. In this sense, this book brings the influences of several discussions I engaged in with researchers of the Center. I thank the colleagues that contributed to this research effort in a diffuse way.
It would be unthinkable to fail to register also an explicit acknowledgment to the Fundao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de So Paulo (Fapesp) for financing the Center. In the case of Cem, more than financing specific research, Fapesp has made possible the articulation of findings through the years, thus enabling the construction of accumulated knowledge. Without this kind of financial support, research as this one would not be possible.
The English version of this book was made possible by the financial support of the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), which provided resources for translation via the INCT program. The difficult task of translating the manuscript was undertaken by David Rodgers, to whom I am also grateful. The idea of publishing a revised version of the research results, aimed at foreign audiences, began through conversations with Tim Butler, Patrick Le Gals and later Xavier de Souza Briggs. Their help and suggestions were essential for the projects success and I sincerely thank them for their encouragement and mobilization.
My most effusive thanks, however, go to the research team I had the pleasure of working with. The group included Renata Bichir, Miranda Zoppi, Thais Pavez, Igor Pantoja, Enc Moya and Rafael Soares. Their participation was decisive not only in our many conceptual, empirical and existential discussions, but also in their precious operational help in data collection and processing.
After having finished the Livre-docente professorship thesis, I returned to the field to collect new data and develop the qualitative part of the research, which resulted in a complete revision of the thesis and the inclusion of new chapters. During this period, I had the generous and precise reading of Renata, Enc, Miranda and Val, who helped me remove ambiguities of the text and make it more accessible. This book would not be possible without the dedicated and lively work of that research team.
Finally, I thank Val for the happy though improbable daily combination of density and lightness.
Introduction
This book identifies sociability as being central to the understanding of urban poverty conditions. Although this statement may appear self-evident to the lay reader, for whom it would seem obvious that the daily lives of individuals influence their life conditions, the principal academic debates on the subject have been constructed in such a way as to end up pointing in other directions.
