So Paulo in the Twenty-First Century
This book analyzes in detail the main social, economic, and special transformation of the city of So Paulo. In the last 30 years, So Paulo has become a more heterogeneous and less unequal city. Contrary to some expectations, the recent economic transformations did not produce social polarization, and the localized processes of spaces production (the plural is increasingly important) are more and more key to define their respective growth patterns, social conditions, forms of housing production, service availability, and urban precariousness. In other dimensions, however, inequalities remain present and strong, and certain disadvantaged areas have changed little and are still marked by strong social inequalities. The metropolis remains heavily segregated in terms of race and class in a clear hierarchical structure.
The book shows that it is necessary to escape from dual and polarity interpretations. This does not lead to the complete disappearance of a crudely radial and concentric structure (not only due to geographic path dependence) but superposes other elements over it, leading to more complexes and continuous patterns. A general summary of these elements could perhaps be stated as pointing to greater social and spatial heterogeneity, accompanied by smaller, but reconfigured, inequalities.
Eduardo Cesar Leo Marques is a livre-docente professor at the Department of Political Science at the University of So Paulo and researcher at the Center for Metropolitan Studies.
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Spaces, Heterogeneities, Inequalities
Edited by Eduardo Cesar Leo Marques
So Paulo in the Twenty-First Century
Spaces, Heterogeneities, Inequalities
Edited by
Eduardo Cesar Leo Marques
First published 2016
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CIP data has been applied for.
ISBN: 978-1-138-65560-7 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-62242-2 (ebk)
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Contents
EDUARDO CESAR LEO MARQUES
EDUARDO CESAR LEO MARQUES
Part I
Economic Processes and Social Structure
EDUARDO CESAR LEO MARQUES, ROGRIO JERNIMO BARBOSA AND IAN PRATES
ROGRIO JERNIMO BARBOSA AND IAN PRATES
Part II
Demographic Dynamics and Segregation
JOS MARCOS PINTO DA CUNHA
EDUARDO CESAR LEO MARQUES AND CAROLINA REQUENA
EDUARDO CESAR LEO MARQUES
DANILO FRANA
Part III
Processes of Space Production
CAMILA PEREIRA SARAIVA
EDUARDO CESAR LEO MARQUES AND LEANDRO DE PDUA RODRIGUES
TELMA HOYLER
CAROLINA REQUENA
First and foremost, we would like to thank the Center for Metropolitan Studies (CEM) for providing the research environment in which this book was produced. Without the academic discussions held at the Center and the contributions of many colleagues in seminars, meeting and informal conversations, this book would be impossible.
The book would not be possible also without the generous and substantial financial support received from the So Paulo Research Foundation (Fapesp) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the development of the research project on which this book is based. Fapesp also financed a post-doc fellowship for the organizer at the Bartlett School of University College London, during which most of the two first chapters of this book were written.
Finally, we would also like to thank Marcos Campos for the final critical reading of the chapters, David Rogers for the translation and revision of the manuscripts and Gabriela Trindade for the help with the Index.
www.fflch.usp.br/centrodametropole/urbanpoliticscem.wordpress.com
Source: Center for Metropolitan Studies (CEM), inspired by Uruguayan artist Joaquin Torres Garcia, 1943.
Source: CEM.
Eduardo Cesar Leo Marques
The city of So Paulo is now the largest and most important Latin American metropolis, home to the worlds third-largest metropolitan population and possessing the 10th-largest urban gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010, according to United Nations estimates. The 39 municipalities making up the metropolitan region accounted for around 19 percent of Brazils GDP and 10 percent of its population during the same year. This large and dynamic metropolis has grown at a fast pace, especially over the last 50 years, leaping from 4.8 million inhabitants in 1960 to 19.7 million in 2010. This has meant accommodating a demographic increase equivalent to 1.3 times the total population of Pariss metropolitan area or twice the population of contemporary Greater London in just half a century. During the same period, So Paulo has added a productive capacity comparable in scale to the entire economy of Chile or Hong Kong.
