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Soumen Ray - Chilika

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From Chilika, Indias largest coastal lake, the echoes of poetry, the reflections of festive lamps, its ever-present turmoil and biodiverse bounty have come together to portray livelihoods and lives, half full and half empty. After a broad conceptual framework about fish, fishery and fishing livelihoods, this book has explicitly focused on the lakes ecosystem in Odisha and sustainability in fishing communities. The voices of the fishers have lent credence to the socio-cultural belief systems, right of commons, and disputes over conservation at individual and community levels. The volatility over the common user rights is underscored by lack of protection to the locals, absence of guiding principles, and powerful usurpers. The disruption of livelihoods through insufficient economic support is underlined by the lack of viable, equitable and regulated credit structures in the region. Issues of mechanization, ecological hazards, adverse impact of climate change and environmental degradation are explained through their own bearing on bionomic and traditional livelihood disruptions, and in-situ footprints on common property resources. In the final countdown, the sustained coexistence of Chilika lake and its varied community is narrated through an integrated socio-economic lens that accommodates extant challenges into its field of vision.

This book is co-published with Aakar Books, New Delhi. Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the print versions of this book in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

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Chilika
The Fishermen, the Catch, and the Challenges
Chilika
The Fishermen, the Catch, and the Challenges
Soumen Ray
First published 2022 by Routledge 2 Park Square Milton Park Abingdon Oxon - photo 1
First published 2022 by Routledge 2 Park Square Milton Park Abingdon Oxon - photo 2
First published 2022
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2022 Soumen Ray and Aakar Books
The right of Soumen Ray to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan)
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 9781032145754 (hbk)
ISBN: 9781003240013 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003240013
Typeset in Garamond
by Sakshi Computers, Delhi
Contents Acknowledgments Prologue Casting the Net in Global and Regional - photo 3
Contents
  • Acknowledgments
  • Prologue
  1. Casting the Net in Global and Regional Waters
  2. Drawing in the Nets: Half Full, Half Empty
  3. Analysis and Inferences: Relocating Kalijai
  4. The Baits and Bytes of Fishing in Troubled Waters
  5. Balancing Livelihoods and Sustainability
  6. Fishermen and Mean Machines
  7. Heritage and Climate: Environmental Concerns
  8. Chilika Moves On
  • Abbreviations
  • Index
The indescribable stories of fishers in Chilika that I had captured during my fieldwork have slowly and organically grown into this book over time. I was glad to finish with the exigencies of a PhD thesis, and personal commitments, before I set out to do some justice to Chilika Lake and its community of traditional fishers. The families I met, their wealth of knowledge, warmth, and care, so generously extended during my field study, remain my biggest gifts. It would be a fitting act of acknowledgement, if this book can create a more responsible and sustainable fishery eco-system in Chilika. While the fishers may disagree with some of my arguments, I am sure, they would take deep pride in the larger narrative.
This work would not have been possible without the guidance, support and encouragement of my guide, Dr. Rabindra Kumar Mohanty, Professor of Sociology in Mizoram University. With the responsibilities that my job entailed, I could hardly reach him in person for guidance; but he never let this distance be a barrier in the progress. His detailed study of my drafts, minute observations, valuable advice, constructive criticism, extensive discussions and interesting suggestions, have enhanced my knowledge immensely and kept me motivated. A special thanks to Dr. Amiya Kumar Das, Department of Sociology from Tezpur University for the support in sharing his experience and learning which helped me plan my work more meticulously. Dr. Das has generously shared his time and knowledge and played a major role in making me understand the art of structuring a book. I am also thankful to Dr. Rajshree Bedamatta, Associate Professor, IIT, Guwahati, who has given me her insights into capturing, formulating and articulating my analytical work and presenting concepts in a definitive manner.
Special thanks to officials of Chilika Development Authority (CDA), Department of Fishery and Animal Husbandry, NGOs, local administrative authorities of Chilika for their support during the research. Furthermore, I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of administrative and technical staff members of the CDA, who were kind enough to advise and help in their respective roles. A special note of gratitude to Asish Sahu from Utkal University, Odisha, for making life fun while working. I would like to express my special thanks to him for being a great soul. He was always ready to help with a smile, especially during the data collection period.
I would also like to acknowledge the academic and technical support of the Department of Sociology, Utkal University. The library facilities and computer facilities of the University have been indispensable during my research. My special gratitude to Prof. Navaneeta Rath, Head, Department of Sociology, Prof. Anup Dash and Prof. D.N. Jena for their personal and academic guidance throughout the research. Special thanks to Dr. Gaurangi Maitra, (at gaurangimaitra.com), for reading, commenting, finalizing and editing the entire book. Any mistakes that remain however are mine alone.
I should also record my boundless gratitude to numerous friends and family in addition to the individuals already mentioned. With some I had the opportunity to share enthusiasm and curiosity, some provided inspiration, moral support and unconditional optimism, while others kept inquiring about the progress of the research and its practical purpose. I must thank all my colleagues, who have constantly encouraged me to finish this work and lent their support throughout with intellectual discussions. I must also thank UNFAO for bringing in wealth of knowledge in the fishery sector, which helped me in building my knowledge base.
Last, but not least, I would like to thank my wife and son, for their love, patience, and understanding. The book is dedicated to my parents for whom their sons journey might have been a source of pride and much amusement.
This book began a decade ago, when I was selected for the ProVention Consortium Grants, an International Research Grants supported by the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC). I was excited by the grant design which engaged young professionals to form innovative links between research and action in disaster risk reduction. The project objectives certainly whet my appetite with opportunities and challenges that nurtured my core competence in disaster risk reduction in the development sector.
On a personal note, Chilika is an indelible part of our identity, lives, lore, legends, history, and aquatic ecosystems in Odisha. My earliest memories of Chilika, its natural beauty, and bounty came from the poems we recited as children. The lines from Chilika Kavya that described the fishermen coming back in the evening, rowing their boats to the rhythm of popular songs, left a lasting impression on my mind. As I write this prologue, I can vividly recall verses from this poem written by Kabibara Radhanath Ray (1848-1907), depicting water birds that are the special charm of the lake; resonating with the bells of cattle returning from the hills at dusk, and reflecting the moonlit hills and forests on the lake waters. These lyrical ballads brought alive the unique topography of Chilika long before I was able to visit in person and realize, as a poet of nature Radhanath has done for Orissa, what Kalidas has done for India, putting the geography and the topography of his homeland to splendid poetic use (Mayadhar Mansingh, 1962). When I first visited Chilika, I travelled by train and the journey brought back memories of the poem Rela Upare Chilika Darsana (Sighting of Chilika from a Train) by Utkalmani Pandit Gopabandhu Das (1877-1928). This multifaceted personality was simultaneously enthralled by the beauty of Chilika and saddened by his inability to see Chilika; he thus eloquently wrote of Chilika being the only place where the three eternal feelings of happiness, solace, and love could be found.
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