Amitava Mukherjee - Perspectives of the Silent Majority: Air Pollution, Livelihood and Food Secuity - Indepth Studies Through Pra Methods on Community Perspectives in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas of Varanasi and

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PERSPECTIVES OF THE SILENT MAJORITY: AIR POLLUTION, LIVELIHOOD AND FOOD SECURITY

Dedicated to the village communities of Faridabad and Varanasi, who participated in this study and made it possible.

Prof. Amitava Mukherjee Ph.D. is an expert on food security, hunger and poverty. He is currently the Executive Director of Development Tracks, Research Training and Consultancy plc, a knowledge company, in New D elhi and is consultant to several UN agencies and international organisations in and outside India. He has lectured extensively on these issues almost worldwide, including at the UN and has 25 books and numerous papers to his credit. His contribution to micro-level planning and food security is internationally recognised.

Perspectives of the Silent Majority: Air Pollution, Livelihood and Food Security

Indepth studies through PRA methods on community
perspectives in urban and peri-urban areas of Varanasi and Faridabad, India

AMITAVA MUKHERJEE

Executive Director, Development Tracks RTC, New Delhi

First published 2001 by Ashgate Publishing

Reissued 2018 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright Amitava Mukherjee, Development Tracks, RTC, New Delhi 2001

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points
out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes
correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.

A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 2001022168

Typeset at dot design, New Delhi, India.

ISBN 13: 978-1-138-72148-7 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-315-19445-5 (ebk)

Contents

Charts

Boxes

Introduction

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Figures

Chapter1

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 8

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 8

Terms Meaning

Aganwadi A government child welfare day care centre where children upto the age of 5 receive free food and health check up.

Baithak Living room.

Bajra A coarse cereal.

Banga Disease afflicting buffaloes. It affects the feet which get swollen.

Baroo A type of weed which looks similar to jowar and is found mostly in jowar fields.

Barsam Fodder sown in winter.

Basti Ward or colony in a village organised mainly on the basis of caste/religion.

Bathua A weed.

Bigha Measure of Land: 5 Bigha = 1 acre.

Biswa Measure of Lnad: 5 Biswa = 1 acre.

Burela Another name for dhola.

Chepa Tiny white insects which suck juice out of leaves in cabbage, bajra, mustard and sugarcane. Has a sticky texture.

Chhedak Any caterpillar that bores holes. It is also called dhola/burela.

Chitli A worm that eats vegetable roots.

Chula Oven or stove made out of mud which uses wood, animal dung etc. as fuel.

Congress Grass A weed having small white flowers. Also called parthenium.

Dhencha Medium sized fodder plants sown in summer.

Dhola Caterpillars that bore holes.

Fatinga A grass hopper.

Galagotu Disease found in buffaloes. It chokes buffaloes to death

Gander A general term for caterpillars.

Gram Samiti A village co-operative society.

Gram Sewak An appointee of the Block Development Office for supervising development work in the village. He/She looks after 3 villages.

Gurchawa A disease which results in wilting and crippling of leaves.

Hara Kira Small green caterpillar.

Harwawa A disease which turns leaves yellow.

Jhansi A cluster of small caterpillars (pest).

Jhulsa A disease resulting in wilting and blackening of leaves.

Jowar An inferior cereal used also as fodder.

Kanduwa A disease which affects the ear-rings of wheat and turns them black.

Kasba A village which is the centre of rural growth having a population of 7000 or more.

Kateli A medium sized tree-weed which has thorns.

Katui A pest which cuts down paddy ear-rings.

Kirona A caterpillar.

Koria Crippling of leaves and plants like a leper. The fruits of the affected plants look deformed.

Lalrii Red coloured small sized pests which can fly. It eats leaves of leafy vegetables.

Machchi/Makhi House-fly.

Mandi Wholesale market.

Morya or Gurchawa A disease which wilts and cripples leaves especially in chilies and tomatoes.

Muhalla Wards/Colony.

Najla Ailment: running nose, headache nose burning.

Nakshatra A constellation.

Nilagai Blue bull.

Pankhi Any pest which can fly.

Pradhan/Sarpanch Village Head, usually elected to the village level unit of governance.

Rani Jai (Ghan Jai) A weed similar in looks to wheat and whose seeds are like wheat grains, though slightly black in colour.

Safed Moondi A weed having small seeds (coriander type), mainly found in wheat fields.

Sambar A kind of deer.

Sati Small sized weeds which mainly grow in bajra fields.

Soondi Small sized caterpillar found in paddy leaves. It sucks the sap.

Telchatta Small sized pest which can fly. It sucks juice out of mustard pods and cauliflower.

Tidda A current variant of locust which is small in size.

Tiddi Large sized locust (the earlier variant).

Tikuli A beetle that sucks juice from leaves of vegetables mostly found in summer.

Titri A small white moth which sucks milk from paddy ear-rings.

Vernacular Month	Corresponding Period in Roman Calendar
Baisakh	Mid-April to Mid-May
Jeth	Mid-May to Mid-June
Asard	Mid-June to Mid-July
Sawan	Mid-July to Mid-August
Bhado	Mid-August to Mid-September
Kuar*	Mid-September to Mid-October
Kartick	Mid-October to Mid-November
Aghan	Mid-November to Mid-December
Poos	Mid-December to Mid-January
Magh	Mid-January to Mid-February
Fagun	Mid-February to Mid-March

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