Suisheng Zhao - Chinese Foreign Policy: Pragmatism and Strategic Behavior: Pragmatism and Strategic Behavior

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CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY

CHINESE FOREIGN POLICY

PRAGMATISM AND STRATEGIC BEHAVIOR

FOREWORD BY JONATHAN POLLACK

SUISHENG ZHAO, EDITOR

An East Gate Book

Published 2016 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 2004 by Suisheng Zhao

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Chinese foreign policy : pragmatism and strategic behavior / Edited by Suisheng Zhao.

p. cm.

An East gate book.

ISBN 0-7656-1284-4 (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN 0-7656-1285-2 (pbk.: alk. paper)

1. ChinaForeign relations1976 I. Zhao, Suisheng.

DS779.27 .C532 2003

327.51dc21

2003010362

ISBN: 978-0-7656-1285-4 (pbk)

To my mother, brother, and sisters

Contents

Jonathan D. Pollack

Suisheng Zhao

Rex Li

Wu Xinbo

Suisheng Zhao

Lau Siu-kai

Andrew Scobell

Zhang Junbo and Yao Yunzhu

Suisheng Zhao

Jing-dong Yuan

Joseph Y.S. Cheng and Zhang Wankun

Lowell Dittmer

Zi Zhongyun

Liu Ji

Suisheng Zhao

Allen Carlson

Ho Khai Leong

Tables

Figures

ABM	Anti-Ballistic Missile
APR	Asian Pacific Region
ARF	ASEAN Regional Forum
ASEAN	Association of Southeast Asian Nations
CAEA	China Atomic Energy Agency
CBM	Confidence building measures
CCP	Chinese Communist Party
CMC	Central Military Commission
COSTIND	Commission on Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense
CPV	Chinese Peoples Volunteers
CTBT	Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
CWC	Chemical Weanons Convention
EU	European Union
IAEA	International Atomic Energy Agency
HKSAR	Hong Kong Special Administration Region
KMT	Kuomintang or Nationalist Party
KPA	Korean Peoples Army
MFA	Ministry of Foreign Affairs
MFN	Most Favored Nation
MOFTEC	Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation
MTCR	Missile Technology Control Regime
NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NEFDA	Northeast Frontier Defense Army
NIEs	Newly Industrialized Economies
NMD	National Missile Defense
NPC	National Peoples Congress
NPT	Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty
NSG	Nuclear Suppliers Group
PLA	Peoples Liberation Army
REE	Russian Far East
SCO	Shanghai Cooperative Organization
SOEs	State-owned enterprises
DPRK	Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea
TMD	Theater Missile Defense
UNSCR	United Nations Security Council Resolution
WMD	Weapons of Mass Destruction
WTO	World Trade Organization

This collection of essays attests to the increasing vigor and diversity of perspectives in the study of Chinese foreign policy. Drawing on the contributions by a distinguished group of scholars from the United States and Asia, Suisheng Zhao has skillfully elucidated some of the pivotal policy dilemmas confronting China as it assumes a much larger international position and role. As characterized by Professor Zhao, the debate about uniqueness versus commonality in the study of international politics seems ever less relevant in analyzing and describing Chinese external behavior. The abundance and complexity of Chinas policy challenges and the wealth of data sources on Beijings foreign policies have definitively answered this question. The study of China may be rooted in particular circumstances and constraints, but the factors and forces shaping its behavior are neither unique nor obscure.

Professor Zhao argues that the analysis of Chinese foreign policy mirrors the larger debate between realism and liberalism among international relations scholars. This debate reflects policy as much as theory. In Professor Zhaos view, pragmatic policy considerations increasingly dominate Chinas external behavior, with less attention to either ideological or value-based approaches. He also favors an international systems approach, as distinct from an emphasis on the domestic sources of foreign policy. Yet Professor Zhao does not seek to impose an overly rigid framework. Many of the contributions to this volume highlight that there is no need for an either-or analytic choice. The relevance of various approaches reflects the issues under study, and the explanatory power afforded by different perspectives. This approach contributes to the richness and diversity of the individual chapters.

Among the numerous themes discussed in this volume, the manifestations and implications of Chinas enhanced power in a systemic and regional context seems especially pivotal. In essence, Chinas emergent international policies constitute a test case of competing approaches in the study of international relations. At the same time, however, many of the authors remain keenly attentive to the overlay of past history in Chinese policy deliberations. Even as the contributors show appropriate attention to how Chinese behavior is increasingly shaped by changes in power relationships, all recognize the need to place this awareness in its larger historical context.

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