Steve Clarke - Community Organization and Development: From Its History Towards a Model for the Future

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Community

Organization

and Development

Community

Organization

and Development

from its history towards a model for the future

Steve Clarke

UNIVERSITY OF WALES PRESS
2017

Steve Clarke, 2017

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner. Applications for the copyright owners written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff CF10 4UP.

www.uwp.co.uk

British Library CIP Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-78683-0500

eISBN: 978-1-78683-0524

The right of Steve Clarke to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Cover image: Brain light / Alamy

Contents

Dedication

I learned my community development under rather harsh circumstances, under the apartheid regime in South Africa. Working with disadvantaged and displaced communities was politically risky as well as a challenging task in highly pressured social circumstances. Dr Harvey Cohen was the inspiration for the student charity, and development agency (WITSCO), which I ran for some four years. In addition to providing a womb to tomb health and welfare service to a large Black community, this organisation gave rise to the foundations of political structures for Black South Africans. It also gave me my first six years in community development, both as fieldworker and manager. Names linked to Dr Cohen in this activity are Mary Edgington, Ronny Rosenbaum, Sheila Barsel, Paul Davies, Rodney Waldeck and Brian McKendrick. To them I owe my capability to begin this publication.

From South Africa, I came to London, where the late June Bell introduced me to poverty, disaffected youth, and the possibility to build healthy lives and vibrant communities out of the dispossessed in London. I was privileged, also, to be taught by Sugata Dasgupta, the Gandhian disciple, at the LSE in 1970/71. From being a white African, and all that brought with it, I was transformed into a listening, non-assertive, and capable community development worker. I was now much better equipped for working in the field.

Community development came to the social disarray of de-industrialising South Wales through the Young Volunteer Force Foundation project Polypill . Here, a community of about 7,000 people made me welcome, and we worked for 12 years to bring coherence and cohesion to a community blighted by planning and officialdom. The team, over the years, comprised: Rose Hughes, Pat Charters, Joan Stacey, Steve Dowrick, Mike Fleetwood, Iona Gordon, Jane Hutt, Martin Notcutt and Martin Cumella. From each of them I was able to glean fresh insights into what was to become my burning passion to bring community development to a wider audience, and to develop further its capacity to assist community life.

Swansea University sheltered me from the real world for the next 25 years, but the post-grad students in the Social Work and Health Science presented a fresh challenge every day. The (almost) truism that field workers do not read was brought home to me, and fresh insights into my trade were forthcoming in Swansea in abundance. Getting the chance to share in the acquisition of new knowledge with so many is a rare privilege.

To Terrie, who had to endure this long, drawn-out process for many years, and was a constant source of support and inspiration, I owe the greatest debt Many thanks, indeed!

Foreword

Community development has been a prominent component of Welsh Government strategic thinking, not only in urban regeneration but across a wide range of Public Health issues as well. Since 1999, the devolved Welsh government has incorporated community development in all of its community-oriented social policy and through its Communities First programme, brought community capacity development and engagement into social planning as a priority. The Welsh Voluntary Sector, also, has produced vital results in the field of raising community awareness and capabilities. Community Development Cymru was funded by the Welsh Government to promote standards and support for community development across Wales.

This volume provides an important perspective on the pedigree of community development across the United Kingdom. It provides a theoretical platform on which todays practitioners can build their work. It also provides powerful insights into the history of professional practice in this field and links it convincingly with its other British connections. The research that has gone into this work shows how much community work in Wales, and in the UK generally, owes to the wider international scene, with the United States featuring prominently in this.

Steve Clarke is an experienced worker in this field, in Wales and across a variety of international settings. He has also demonstrated how engaging this subject can be at the level of educating future practitioners and managers in Public Health and for those planning social change. His book shows how challenging this activity can be and how a sound base of theory and discipline underpins success.

Mark Drakeford AM

Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Local Government

Welsh Government

Cardiff

June 2016

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements are made to the following sources of figures used in the text:

. Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, for: Dahlgren, Goran, and Whitehead, Margaret. (1991) Policies and strategies to promote social equity in health , Figure 1, p. 11.

. Taylor & Francis, Abingdon, for: Plummer, J. (1999) Municipalities and Community Participation: a sourcebook for capacity building , Box 2.1, p. 8

. Ashgate Publishing, Farnham, for: Clarke, S. J. G. (2000) Social Work as Community Development: a management model for social change , Figure 7, p. 265.

List of Figures

Abbreviations

ACW	Association of Community Workers
CCETSW	Central Council for Education and Training in Social Work
CDF	Community Development Foundation
CDJ	Community Development Journal
CDP	Community Development Project
CDP IIU	CDP Information and Intelligence Unit
CDWW	Community Development Workforce Wales
CPF	Community Projects Foundation
CtC	Communities that Care
CYC

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