Mike Stein (editor) - Young Peoples Transitions from Care to Adulthood: International Research and Practice (Child Welfare Outcomes)

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Young Peoples Transitions from Care to Adulthood

Child Welfare Outcomes

Series Editor: HarrietWard, Centre for Child and Family Research, Loughborough University, UK

This authoritative series draws fromoriginal research and current policy debates to help social work managers, policy makers and researchers to understand and improve the outcomes of services for children and young people in need. Taking an evidence-based approach, these books include childrens experiences and analysis of costs and effectiveness in their assessment of interventions, and provide guidance on how to develop more effective policy, practice and training.

other titles in this series

Costs and Consequences of Placing Children in Care

Harriet Ward, Lisa Holmes, Jean Soper and Richard Olsen

ISBN 978 1 84310 273 1

eISBN 978 1 84642 822 7

Babies and Young Children in Care

Life Pathways, Decision-making and Practice

Harriet Ward, Emily R. Munro and Chris Dearden

ISBN 978 1 84310 272 4

eISBN 978 1 84642 478 6

Safeguarding and Promoting the Well-being of Children, Families and Communities

Edited by Jane Scott and Harriet Ward

ISBN 978 1 84310 141 3

eISBN 978 1 84642 246 1

also by the same editor

Leaving Care

Throughcare and Aftercare in Scotland

Jo Dixon and Mike Stein

ISBN 978 1 84310 202 1

eISBN 978 1 84642 242 3

Young Peoples Transitions
from Care to Adulthood

International Research and Practice

Edited by Mike Stein and Emily R. Munro

Jessica Kingsley Publishers
London and Philadelphia

First published in 2008

by Jessica Kingsley Publishers

73 Collier Street

London N1 9BE, UK

and

400 Market Street, Suite 400

Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA

www.jkp.com

Copyright Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2008

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 610 Kirby Street, London, England EC1N 8TS. Applications for the copyright owners written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher.

Warning: The doing of an unauthorised act in relation to a copyright work may result in both a civil claim for damages and criminal prosecution.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Young people's transitions from care to adulthood : international research and practice / edited by Mike Stein and Emily R. Munro.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 978-1-84310-610-4 (pb : alk. paper) 1. Young adults--Services for. 2. Youth with social disabilities--Services for. 3. Youth--Institutional care. I. Stein, Mike. II. Munro, Emily, 1978-

HV1421.Y683 2008

362.7--dc22

12007043511

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978 1 84310 610 4

eISBN 978 1 84642 791 6

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Preface

This is the third in a series of books on Child Welfare Outcomes, commissioned by Jessica Kingsley Publishers and edited by Harriet Ward. The books are primarily written for academics, researchers, policy makers and professionals concerned with improving outcomes for vulnerable children and young people.

Research demonstrates that young people leaving care are at high risk of social exclusion, both in terms of material disadvantage and marginalisation. Findings also indicate that there are differences between groups of care leavers some young people are very resilient. Cross-nationally there are differences in the policy and practice context, as well as in the way services are organised to assist young people. Yet, to date, there has been very little comparative work exploring these different dimensions. This book seeks to address this gap and presents an international perspective, drawing on material from 16 countries, on the transitions of young people leaving care to adulthood.

The ideas that motivated this work were those of Jackie Davis from the childrens charity NCH. In collaboration with Harriet Ward, these ideas were taken forward. We are indebted to both for their contributions which inspired the development of this cross-national work.

The seminar series that facilitated the further advancement of ideas that led to the production of this book were part-funded by the Department of Health, Department for Education and Skills and the Department for Children, Schools and Families. We also acknowledge, with thanks, Queens University, Belfast, the National Institute of Criminology, Budapest, and Trinity College, Dublin, for hosting these events.

The chapters in this book have been written by researchers from Europe, the Middle East, North America and Australia who specialise in a range of disciplines, including social policy, developmental psychology, social pedagogy and social work education and professional training. As editors we would like to thank the authors for their contributions and forbearance in revising draft chapters to make it as easy as possible for readers to compare the material presented in the country-specific chapters. We are also grateful to the following individuals who, in addition to the authors, contributed to the seminars and discussions that informed these chapters: Marie Anaut, Carolyn Davies, Jackie Davis, Tseventka Grudeva and Jane Scott.

We also greatly appreciate the administrative support of Sophie Astwood, Emma Batchelor and Suzanne Dexter. Our thanks must also go to Stephen Jones, our editor at Jessica Kingsley Publishers, for his help and support.

Editors Note

Different chapters of this book have been written by authors from all over the world. The editors have made some changes to ensure that the information provided is as clear as possible. However, we have tried to avoid making substantive amendments, so as to prevent misinterpretations of what the authors originally wrote.

Chapter 1

Introduction

Comparative Exploration of Care Leavers Transitions to Adulthood

Emily R. Munro and Mike Stein

The idea for writing this book, and the ideas that are contained within it, have evolved from three international seminars, held between 2003 and 2006, attended by researchers from up to 16 countries. Prior to the first seminar, held in Brussels in 2003, a growing body of international research findings had revealed the poor outcomes for looked after children, in comparison to children who had not been in care, especially in relation to their education, health and well-being. These findings had also shown the high risk of social exclusion of young people making the transition from care to adulthood. They were far more likely, than young people who had not been in care, to have poorer educational qualifications, be younger parents, be homeless, and have higher levels of unemployment, offending behaviour and mental health problems (Stein 2004).

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