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Kenneth J. Heineman - Campus Wars: The Peace Movement at American State Universities in the Vietnam Era

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Kenneth J. Heineman Campus Wars: The Peace Movement at American State Universities in the Vietnam Era
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Campus Wars: The Peace Movement at American State Universities in the Vietnam Era: summary, description and annotation

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At the same time that the dangerous war was being fought in the jungles of Vietnam, Campus Wars were being fought in the United States by antiwar protesters. Kenneth J. Heineman found that the campus peace campaign was first spurred at state universities rather than at the big-name colleges. His useful book examines the outside forces, like military contracts and local communities, that led to antiwar protests on campus.
Herbert Mitgang, The New York Times
Shedding light on the drastic change in the social and cultural roles of campus life, Campus Wars looks at the way in which the campus peace campaign took hold and became a national movement.
History Today
Heinemans prodigious research in a variety of sources allows him to deal with matters of class, gender, and religion, as well as ideology. He convincingly demonstrates that, just as state universities represented the heartland of America, so their student protest movements illustrated the real depth of the anguish over US involvement in Vietnam. Highly recommended.
Choice
Represents an enormous amount of labor and fills many gaps in our knowledge of the anti-war movement and the student left.
Irwin Unger, author of These United States
The 1960s left us with some striking images of American universities: Berkeley activists orating about free speech atop a surrounded police car; Harvard SDSers waylaying then-Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara; Columbia student radicals occupying campus buildings; and black militant Cornell students brandishing rifles, to name just a few. Tellingly, the most powerful and notorious image of campus protest is that of a teenage runaway, arms outstretched in anguish, kneeling beside the bloodied corpse of Jeff Miller at Kent State University.
While much attention has been paid to the role of elite schools in fomenting student radicalism, it was actually at state institutions, such as Kent State, Michigan State, SUNY, and Penn State, where anti-Vietnam war protest blossomed. Kenneth Heineman has pored over dozens of student newspapers, government documents, and personal archives, interviewed scores of activists, and attended activist reunions in an effort to recreate the origins of this historic movement. In Campus Wars, he presents his findings, examining the involvement of state universities in military research and the attitudes of students, faculty, clergy, and administrators thereto and the manner in which the campus peace campaign took hold and spread to become a national movement. Recreating watershed moments in dramatic narrative fashion, this engaging book is both a revisionist history and an important addition to the chronicle of the Vietnam War era.

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About NYU Press
A publisher of original scholarship since its founding in 1916, New York University Press Produces more than 100 new books each year, with a backlist of 3,000 titles in print. Working across the humanities and social sciences, NYU Press has award-winning lists in sociology, law, cultural and American studies, religion, American history, anthropology, politics, criminology, media and communication, literary studies, and psychology.
CAMPUS WARS
KENNETH J. HEINEMAN
Campus Wars
The Peace Movement at American State Universities in the Vietnam Era
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS New York and London First published in paperback in - photo 1
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
New York and London
First published in paperback in 1994.
Copyright 1993 by New York University
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Heineman, Kenneth J., 1962-
Campus wars : the peace movement at American state universities in the Vietnam era / Kenneth J. Heineman.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8147-3490-1 ISBN 0-8147-3512-6 pbk
1. Vietnamese Conflict, 1961-1975Protest movementsUnited
States. 2. Peace movementsUnited StatesHistory20th century.
I. Title.
DS559.62.U6H45 1993
959.7043373dc20 92-27044
CIP
New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper,
and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability.
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Book design by Ken Venezio
Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.
JOHN F. KENNEDY
List of Tables
Table
Acknowledgments
I thought that this work should begin by providing the reader with some autobiographical information which might explain in part why I came to have an interest in this topic. To begin with, I was born in 1962, too young to participate in the protest movements of the Cold War-Vietnam War era. My brother, however, was a college student antiwar protestor as well as a Vietnam War combat infantry veteran. In spite of the media and academic stereotype of blue-collar Americans as hawkish morons, my own working-class, World War II veteran father was opposed to the Vietnam War and wanted my brother to go to Canada in order to evade the draft. My parents were somewhat unconventional. Every time President Richard Nixon appeared on television, my father would rebut him point by point, convincing me that Tricky Dickie was evil personified. Lest we sound too liberal, my antiwar parents condemned the hippies and potheads who disrupted the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago and voted for George Wallace in the 1972 Michigan Democratic primary. Our family hated Nixon, the Vietnam War, and the peace movement.
My favorite memory of the period involves our hippie neighbors who constructed a snow-sculptured peace sign which they spray-painted red, white, and blue. The other neighbors, who were Nixon supporters, reported them to the local police. Apprised by the sheriff that complaints had been made regarding their atheistic Communist display, the hippies cheerfully removed half of the two-fingered peace sculpture. I also fondly recall Earth Day 1970 when my elementary school required the studentsa number of whom wore Woodsy Owl decals and were clad in granny dressesto form a circle, clasp hands, and sing, Id Like to Teach the World to Sing in Perfect Harmony. Two years later, all but six of these junior countercultural enthusiasts voted for Nixon in a school mock election.
In 1969, I made a personal contribution to the Movement. Having been allowed to watch far too much television, especially the CBS Evening News reports on the trial of the Chicago Seven, I absorbed a great deal of incompletely understood information. Thus it was perhaps not too surprising when I told my second grade teacher that I would establish a school SDS chapter unless she stopped yelling at me for being inattentive. (I am mildly dyslexic; she interpreted my inability to complete assignments without repeated oral instruction as signs of laziness, disobedience, and stupidity.)
So much for autobiography; and now on to more important concerns. I have encountered many people in the course of researching and writing this work who were of great assistance. In particular, I must commend the numerous individuals who consented to be interviewed and provided me with copies of their personal papers. A few people must be singled out for their kindness: Ed Powell at SUNY-Buffalo for providing me with a place to stay while I undertook archival research at the university and enabling me to meet a variety of truly unique characters who happened by; Andy Pyle for letting me sleep in his home and for introducing me to many Kent State activists; Mim Jackson for sharing with me her experiences at Kent State, directing me to her late fathers papers, and allowing me to make her little boy a bona fide chocaholic; Mary Vincent who, on the basis of a research inquiry letter which I had written to the New York Review of Books, invited me, sight unseen, into her home in Kent to pore through her extensive papers; and Steve Badrich and George Fish who, through numerous letters and telephone conversations, gave me a detailed account of the Michigan State Students for a Democratic Society.
A few words must also be said about the enormously helpful archivists who enhanced the research base of this study. Shonnie Finnegan and Chris Densmore at SUNY-Buffalo guided me through some fifty boxes of materials and were quite patient with me as I requested ever more arcane documents. At Penn State, Peter Gottlieb and Leon Stout dug through their collections to find every relevant piece of information. Also, the staffs of the Michigan State University Special Collections and Archives deserve recognition for their enthusiasm as well as for their foresight in collecting various 1960s era antiwar leaflets as soon as they were posted. Ms. Finnegan at SUNY-Buffalo undertook a similar course of action, braving tear gas and student mobs in the 1960s in order to gather documentation of those intense years. Who would have thought that the archival profession could be so exciting and dangerous?
Many scholars have read some or all of this manuscript, greatly improving my analysis and writing: Robert Doherty, David Farber, Todd Gitlin, Van Beck Hall, Samuel Hays, William Hixson, Irwin Marcus, Curtis Miner, Robert Newman, Robert Norman, Louis Rose, Ellen Schrecker, Mel Small, Robert F. Smith, Gerald Thompson, Barbara Tischler, Kenneth Waltzer, Wilson Warren, and Lawrence Wittner. Their encouragement and consideration have meant a great deal to me. Niko Pfund of New York University Press also deserves great credit for making this book possible and David Bailey merits my thanks for planting the idea for this kind of comparative study on me several years ago.
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