represents 1 student 1. Which method of travel received the most votes? 2. Which methods of travel received the same number of votes? 3. How many students voted? How do you know?77page0007page0007.xhtmlReasons to Leave People move to the United States for many reasons. They may move to escape a war. They are called refugees. They want to live in a place that is safe. Some people leave their homes because of their beliefs. They may not get to choose their religions. In the United States, people can choose what they want to believe. A woman crosses the border from Mexico into Texas in 1938.88page0008page0008.xhtmlA Jewish boy reads from a prayer book during a service. A Muslim girl uses a string of beads called a misbahah to keep track of her prayers.99page0009page0009.xhtmlMany immigrants move for work. Some people cannot find jobs at home. They think moving will help them. Some of them think the United States can give them new opportunities. They think hard work will make their dreams come true. This idea is called the American Dream. Newspapers have job listings to help people find work.1010page0010page0010.xhtmlThis man's job is to bake food.1111page0011page0011.xhtmlIn the past, most people took boats to come to the United States. The trip could take months. If immigrants had a lot of money, they could pay for first-class tickets. That meant they stayed in the nicer rooms on the top floors of the ships. If immigrants did not have enough money, they bought second- or third-class tickets. That meant they had to stay in a place called steerage. It was at the bottom of the ship. In steerage, people sat and slept close together. Diseases spread quickly. Some people even died. The trip was hard. But for many people, it was worth it. Third-class passengers travel to New York in 1902.1212page0012page0012.xhtmlThis picture from 1870 shows first-class passengers enjoying their trip. LET'S EXPLORE MATH Many immigrants had long last names that were hard to spell in English. Imagine that this line plot shows the number of letters in the last names of some immigrants. Each X stands for one person. Number of Letters in Last Name 1. What is the greatest number of letters in a last name shown on the line plot? What is the fewest? 2. How many people had last names with 12 or more letters? 3. For this data set, how many people had last names with 5 letters? How do you know?1313page0013page0013.xhtmlEllis Island Long ago, ships from Europe docked at a place called Ellis Island. It is in New York. Once people reached land, they had to wait in long lines. For most people, this process took three to five hours. Then, they had to meet with doctors. If people were healthy, they could enter the United States. If they were sick, they had to stay at Ellis Island until they were well. Sometimes, they were even sent back home. Ellis Island workers check people for diseases in 1920.1414page0014page0014.xhtmlLET'S EXPLORE MATH Zola finds out that popular meals at Ellis Island were stewed prunes, beef stew, baked beans, and herring (a type of fish). She asks her class, "Which meal would you choose? " The bar graph shows the results. Meal Students Chose Meals Prunes Stew Beans Herring Number of Students
10111213 0123456789 1. How many students chose prunes and beans? 2. How many more students chose herring than stew? 3. How many total students have their data shown on the bar graph? Show or explain how you know.1515page0015page0015.xhtmlEllis Island was open for 62 years. During that time, many people passed through its gates. The first to do so was a young girl named Annie Moore. She was from Ireland. Annie and her two brothers came to meet their parents. They had not seen each other for two years. On January 1, 1892, Annie and her brothers set foot in their new home country. That date meant a lot for Annie. It was the day she could see her mom and dad again. It was also her birthday! Children wait at Ellis Island in 1908.1616page0016page0016.xhtmlThere is a statue of Annie Moore and her brothers in Ireland.1717page0017page0017.xhtmlIn 1954, Ellis Island closed. It was closed for many years. Today, it is open once more. Now, it is a museum. People can take tours of the island. They can see where immigrants slept and ate. They can also take boats to the Statue of Liberty. People who came through Ellis Island saw the statue, too. It was a sign of hope for many. Statue of Liberty1818page0018page0018.xhtmlPeople tour the Great Hall at Ellis Island.1919page0019page0019.xhtmlAngel Island Angel Island is in California. Many immigrants went there, too. But most ships going to Angel Island were from Asia. Most people at Angel Island were not treated well. Some were detained. They were kept on the island for months, weeks, or even years. While there, they were forced to live in small rooms. They did not have much food to eat. Some people got off ships only to be told they had to go back to their home countries. Angel Island2020page0020page0020.xhtmlLET'S EXPLORE MATH Not everyone on Angel Island was treated the same. The bar graph shows how much money different groups of people were given to spend on food. Money for Meals on Angel Island Groups of People Immigrants from Asia Immigrants from Europe Island Employees Amount of Money
0 2468 101214161820222426 1. Which group was given the most money to spend on their meals? How much did they get? 2. Which group was given the least amount of money to spend on their meals? How much did they get? 3. Look at the amount of money that immigrants got to spend on their meals. How does it compare to the amount of money that employees got?2121page0021page0021.xhtmlOne out of every two immigrants at Angel Island was detained. Most of them came from China. Even children were held. There wasn't much for children to do. There weren't any games or books. Don Lee came through Angel Island when he was 11 years old. Everyone had to answer questions to enter the country. Some questions were easy. They might have to say where and when they were born. Some questions were much harder. Lee was asked how many windows were in his house. Some of his answers were wrong. So, he could not enter the country for almost a month. Angel Island was open for 30 years. During that time, many people were held for at least two weeks. Some were held as long as six months. Around 1910, a group of Chinese women are detained at Angel Island.2222page0022page0022.xhtmlA young Chinese boy is questioned when he arrives at Angel Island in 1923. Lee visits Angel Island as an adult.2323page0023page0023.xhtmlIn 1940, a huge fire burned much of Angel Island. After that, it was closed. It later opened as a museum. People can visit it today. One part of the tour shows where immigrants slept. Beds are crammed in small rooms. Locks are on the outsides of the doors. On the walls, there are more than two hundred poems. People at Angel Island carved them. It helped them express their thoughts about being on the island. Today, these poems help people connect with the past. beds at Angel Island2424page0024page0024.xhtmlAn immigrant carved this poem into the wall at Angel Island.2525page0025page0025.xhtmlImmigration Today People move to the United States every year. Many of these immigrants want to be U.S. citizens. It is not an easy process. But many people think it is worth the hard work. First, they must fill out forms and be interviewed. Then, they have to take a test. The first part of the test checks whether they can speak, read, and write in English. The second part of the test is on U.S. history. People must pass both parts of the test. If they do, they become U.S. citizens. Three people become U.S. citizens.2626page0026page0026.xhtmlImmigrants must say the Oath of Allegiance to become U.S. citizens.2727page0027page0027.xhtmlThe United States owes a lot to immigrants. In fact, most Americans or their families were once immigrants. When people move, they bring things with them. They bring their traditions. They bring their beliefs, too. They share their skills. These people make the country more diverse. They help people grow and learn. Immigrants help make the United States a special place.2828page0028page0028.xhtml2929page0029page0029.xhtmlProblem Solving When immigrants arrived at Ellis Island, many of them tried new foods for the very first time. Some popular snacks served to immigrants were ice cream, sandwiches, and bananas. Some immigrants did not know how to eat bananas because they had never seen them before! 1. Survey students in your class. Ask them which snack they would have liked to try at Ellis Island : ice cream, a sandwich, or a banana. 2. Display the data in a bar graph. Remember to include a title, scale, and labels. 3. Write two questions about the data that can be answered by looking at the bar graph. Then, answer the questions.3030page0030page0030.xhtml3131page0031page0031.xhtmlGlossary beliefs things that people think are true or right citizens people who have the rights of a country detained held or kept in a place diseases illnesses diverse made up of people who are different from each other docked brought a boat or ship into a port immigrants people who come to countries to live there interviewed asked questions in order to learn more about a person opportunities situations where people can do or achieve things process a series of actions that produce something or make something happen traditions ways of thinking, acting, or doing things that have been used by groups of people for a long time3232page0032page0032.xhtmlIndex Angel Island Asia California China citizens doctors Ellis Island Europe Ireland Lee, Don Moore, Annie New York Statue of Liberty3333page0033page0033.xhtmlAnswer Key Let's Explore Math page 5 : 1. car 2. boat and foot 3. 20 students; Answers will vary but may include that each
