Lisa Zamosky - Government Leaders Then and Now

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Associate Editor

Creative Director

Christina Hill, M.A.

Lee Aucoin

Assistant Editor

Illustration Manager

Torrey Maloof

Timothy J. Bradley

Editorial Director

Designers

Emily R. Smith, M.A.Ed.

Lesley Palmer

Debora Brown

Project Researcher

Zac Calbert

Gillian Eve Makepeace

Robin Erickson

Editorial Manager

Project Consultant

Gisela Lee, M.A.

Corinne Burton, M.A.Ed.

Editor-in-Chief

Publisher

Sharon Coan, M.S.Ed.

Rachelle Cracchiolo, M.S.Ed.

Teacher Created Materials

5301 Oceanus Drive

Huntington Beach, CA 92649

http://www.tcmpub.com

ISBN 978-0-7439-9386-9

ePUB ISBN 978-1-5457-2666-2

2007 Teacher Created Materials, Inc.

Table of Contents

Government

People who make laws and solve problems form a

government (GUHV-uhrn-muhnt). There are government

leaders all over the world. They may work to help a

whole country (KUHN-tree). Or, they may work with a

state or a city. These leaders help run our communities

(kuh-MEW-nuh-tees).

Washington, D.C. is the center of our government.

In this country, we choose our leaders by voting.

Any citizen (SIT-uh-zuhn) at least 18 years old can vote.

We are lucky. Some people in the world do not have

that choice.

This couple is

voting in the

early 1900s.

The President

Washington, D.C., is a city in the United States. It

is also the capital . A lot of important leaders live and

work there.

The president (PREZ-uh-duhnt) is our most

important leader. He leads the whole country. He lives

in the White House. The president works hard to keep

things fair for everyone. And, he makes sure that the

laws of the country are followed. Citizens of the United

States vote for a new president every four years.

The president of the United States lives in the White House.

Naming the City

Washington, D.C. was named

after George Washington. He

was the first president of the

United States.

Bright Idea

A man named Alexander Hamilton

had a great idea. He wanted to build

a capital city. This would be where

all the leaders could work. His idea

became Washington, D.C.

Alexander Hamilton

Congress

Congress is a part of the government. The people

in Congress make laws for the country. And, they work

closely with the president.

The Senate is one part of Congress. It has 100

members. That is two from every state. The vice

president of the

United States is

the president of the

Senate. He votes on

laws if there is

a tie.

This is the room where the Senate meets.

Two Days!

Rebecca Felton was the first

woman to be a United States

senator. But, she was only

in office for two days! Then,

a new senator took over.

The House of Representatives

(rep-ri-ZENT-uh-tivz) is the other

part of Congress. It is much bigger.

It has 435 members. The number of

members from each state is different.

States with more people have more

members.

Congress works in the

Capitol building.

The House of

Representatives

meets in this

room.

Big State

California (kal-uh-FORN-nyuh)

has the most members in the

House of Representatives. The

reason for this is that more

people live there than in any

other state.

Judges sit in

the front of

courtrooms.

Judges

Judges (JUHJ-uhz) have important jobs. Judges have

to decide what the laws mean. They have to understand

the Constitution (kon-stih-TOO-shun) of the United

States. The laws have to follow what the Constitution

says.

Sometimes people cannot agree on things. So, they go

to court. A judge decides their cases. The people have to

do what the judge says.

Judges can be found at every level of government.

They work for cities, states, and the country. The highest

court is called the Supreme Court.

First on

the Bench

Thurgood Marshall was the first

African American to serve on

the Supreme Court.

This is the Supreme Court building.

Female Justice

Sandra Day OConnor

was the first woman on

the Supreme Court. She

served for 24 years.

The governor of Texas

lives in this house.

Governors

The governor (GUV-uhr-nuhr) is the leader of a

state. Governors make sure that the laws of their states

are followed. To do this, they work with other members

of state government. Every state has a state Congress.

The state congresses help the governors make big

decisions (dih-SIZ-uhnz).

State governments have certain jobs they must do.

They work to help their citizens. States collect taxes

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