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Finn Laursen - Historical Dictionary of the European Union

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Finn Laursen Historical Dictionary of the European Union
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The current European Union (EU) has existed since 1 November 1993. It emerged from the Treaty of Maastricht largely negotiated during 1991. But the history of European integration goes further back. The Schuman Declaration of 9 May 1950 led to the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951, and in 1957 the two Treaties of Rome created the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or EURATOM), which started operating from 1 January 1958. For some years the EEC was often referred to as the Common Market. The Merger Treaty of 1965 (in force since 1967) created a single executive, the European Commission, and a single Council of Ministers. The three Communities from the beginning in 1958 shared the Parliamentary Assembly and European Court of Justice (ECJ). Although these Communities still had separate treaties, they were increasingly seen as the European Community (EC).
This new edition of Historical Dictionary of the European Union has a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 400 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, member states, internal policies, external relations, basic theories, treaties, and law. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the European Union.

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The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of - photo 1

The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of subjects, including American and world history, art, business, cities, countries, cultures, customs, film, global conflicts, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, religion, sports, and theater. Written by experts, all contain highly informative introductory essays of the topic and detailed chronologies that, in some cases, cover vast historical time periods but still manage to heavily feature more recent events.

Brief AZ entries describe the main people, events, politics, social issues, institutions, and policies that make the topic unique, and entries are cross-referenced for ease of browsing. Extensive bibliographies are divided into several general subject areas, providing excellent access points for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more. Additionally, maps, photographs, and appendixes of supplemental information aid high school and college students doing term papers or introductory research projects. In short, the historical dictionaries are the perfect starting point for anyone looking to research in these fields.

Historical Dictionaries of

International Organizations

Jon Woronoff, Series Editor

European Organizations, by Derek W. Urwin. 1994

International Tribunals, by Boleslaw Adam Boczek. 1994

Aid and Development Organizations, by Guy Arnold. 1996

World Bank, by Anne C. M. Salda. 1997

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), by Seth Spaulding and Lin Lin. 1997

Inter-American Organizations, by Larman C. Wilson and David W. Dent. 1997

Refugee and Disaster Relief Organizations, Second Edition, by Robert F. Gorman. 2000

Arab and Islamic Organizations, by Frank A. Clements. 2001

International Organizations in Asia and the Pacific, by Derek McDougall. 2002

International Organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa, Second Edition, by Terry M. Mays and Mark W. DeLancey. 2002

League of Nations, by Anique H.M. van Ginneken. 2006

European Union, by Joaqun Roy and Aimee Kanner. 2006

United Nations, by Jacques Fomerand. 2007

Human Rights and Humanitarian Organizations, Second Edition, by Robert F. Gorman and Edward S. Mihalkanin. 2007

NATO and Other International Security Organizations, by Marco Rimanelli. 2008

International Organizations, by Michael G. Schechter. 2010

Multinational Peacekeeping, Third Edition, by Terry Mays. 2011

International Monetary Fund, Third Edition, by Sarah Tenney and Norman K. Humphreys. 2011

World Health Organization, Second Edition, by Kelley Lee and Jennifer Fang. 2013

Inter-American Organizations, Second Edition, by David W. Dent and Larman C. Wilson. 2014

World Bank, Second Edition, by Sarah Tenney and Anne C. Salda. 2014

International Organizations in Asia and the Pacific, Second Edition, by Derek McDougall. 2014

International Organizations in Africa and the Middle East, by Terry M. Mays. 2015

European Union, 2016 Edition, by Finn Laursen. 2015


Historical Dictionary of the

European Union

2016 Edition

Finn Laursen

ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD

Lanham Boulder New York Toronto Plymouth, UK

Published by Rowman & Littlefield

4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706

http://www.rowman.com


10 Thornbury Road, Plymouth PL6 7PP, United Kingdom


Copyright 2016 by Finn Laursen


All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review.


British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available


Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data


Laursen, Finn.

Historical dictionary of the European Union / Finn Laursen. 2016 Edition. pages cm. (Historical dictionaries of international organizations)

Revised edition of: Historical dictionary of the European Union / Joaqun Roy, Aimee Kanner. Lanham, Md. : Scarecrow Press, 2006.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 978-1-4422-5514-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-4422-5515-9 (ebook) 1. European communitiesDictionaries. 2. European Union--Dictionaries. I. Title.

JN15.R75 2015

341.242'203dc23

2015016292


Picture 2 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.


Printed in the United States of America

A ACQUIS COMMUNAUTAIRE Acquis communautaire is the French term for what has - photo 3
A
ACQUISCOMMUNAUTAIRE

Acquiscommunautaire is the French term for what has been achieved, originally by the EuropeanCommunities, now the EuropeanUnion, in terms of treaties and legislation (regulations, directives, and decisions), as well as decisions by the EuropeanCourtofJustice. The term is especially used in connection with enlargements, where it had already been established in connection with the first enlargement in 1973 that the candidates must accept and implement all the acquis. This acquis has, of course, grown over the years, so joining today requires a much larger legislative adaptation than in the earlier years.

ACQUISPOLITIQUE

Acquispolitique is the French term for what has been achieved in the foreign political area, first under EuropeanPoliticalCooperation (EPC) beginning in 1970, and later under the CommonForeignandSecurityPolicy (CFSP) established by the TreatyofMaastricht in 1993. Under EPC and CFSP there is no legislation, but various strategies have been outlined and decisions made. This foreign policy cooperation is intergovernmental and based on unanimity or consensus. The acquispolitique is therefore less developed and much weaker than the acquiscommunautaire, but candidate countries are also expected to accept the acquispolitique to become members of the EuropeanUnion, and be willing to contribute to its further development. This was made quite clear in connection with the 1995 enlargement, when the formerly neutral countries of Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU.

ACTION COMMITTEE FOR THE UNITED STATES OF EUROPE (ACUSE)

After the defeat of the EuropeanDefenceCommunity by the National Assembly in France in 1954, JeanMonnet decided to step down as president of the HighAuthority of the EuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity (ECSC). In 1955, he formed the Action Committee for the United States of Europe (ACUSE), which included a select group of political leaders and trade union leaders but no representatives from business or industry. Gaullists and Communists were not included because of their hostility toward European integration. For 20 years, ACUSE worked as a lobby for European integration from its headquarters in Paris. In a first period, it was a question of supporting the relaunch of European integration, started by the

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