Jan E. Leighley - The Oxford Handbook of American Elections and Political Behavior

THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF
AMERICAN ELECTIONS AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR

THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF
AMERICAN POLITICS

GENERAL EDITOR: GEORGE C. EDWARDS III

The Oxford Handbooks of American Politics is a set of reference books offering authoritative and engaging critical overviews of the state of scholarship on American politics.

Each volume focuses on a particular aspect of the field. The project is under the General Editorship of George C. Edwards III, and distinguished specialists in their respective fields edit each volume. The Handbooks aim not just to report on the discipline, but also to shape it as scholars critically assess the current state of scholarship on a topic and propose directions in which it needs to move. The series is an indispensable reference for anyone working in American politics.

Edited by
JAN E. LEIGHLEY

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP

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The several contributors 2010

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First published 2010

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2009938801

Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India
Printed in Great Britain
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ISBN 9780199235476

1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2

JAN E. LEIGHLEY

LONNA RAE ATKESON

JOSH PASEK AND JON A. KROSNICK

KIM L. FRIDKIN AND PATRICK J. KENNEY

TIFFANY C. DAVENPORT, ALAN S. GERBER, AND DONALD P. GREEN

JOHN H. ALDRICH AND ARTHUR LUPIA

MICHAEL D. MARTINEZ

MICHAEL P. MCDONALD

FREDRICK HARRIS AND DANIEL GILLION

ROBERT D. BROWN

ROBERT M. STEIN AND GREG VONNAHME

KAREN MOSSBERGER AND CAROLINE J. TOLBERT

R. MICHAEL ALVAREZ AND THAD E. HALL

LARRY M. BARTELS

WILLIAM G. JACOBY

T. K. AHN, ROBERT HUCKFELDT, ALEXANDER K. MAYER, AND JOHN B. RYAN

MARIA ARMOUDIAN AND ANN N. CRIGLER

D. SUNSHINE HILLYGUS

THOMAS HOLBROOK

SUZANNA LINN, JONATHAN NAGLER, AND MARCO A. MORALES

JOHN A. GARCIA

KIRA SANBONMATSU

JOHN C. GREEN

BARRY C. BURDEN AND AMBER WICHOWSKY

MELISSA J. MARSCHALL

LAURA LANGER, MEGHAN LEONARD, AND ANDREA POLK

BARBARA NORRANDER

SHAUN BOWLER AND TODD DONOVAN

WALTER J. STONE AND MATTHEW K. BUTTICE

KENNETH M. GOLDSTEIN AND MATTHEW HOLLEQUE

JOHN H. ALDRICH AND JOHN D. GRIFFIN

PETER L. FRANCIA

LYNDA W. POWELL AND CLYDE WILCOX

BERNARD GROFMAN AND THOMAS L. BRUNELL

MARK N. FRANKLIN AND TILL WEBER

JANE JUNN

PAUL R. ABRAMSON, JOHN H. ALDRICH, AND DAVID W. ROHDE

PATRICIA A. HURLEY AND KIM QUAILE HILL

Paul R. Abramson, Professor of Political Science at Michigan State University.

T. K. Ahn, Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Korea University.

John H. Aldrich, PfizerPratt University Professor of Political Science at Duke University.

R. Michael Alvarez, Professor of Political Science, California Institute of Technology.

Maria Armoudian, Commissioner on the Environment at the City of Los Angeles Environmental Affairs Commission.

Lonna Rae Atkeson, Professor and Regents Lecturer, University of New Mexico, Department of Political Science.

Larry M. Bartels, Donald E. Stokes Professor of Public and International Affairs and Director of the Center for the Study of Democratic Politics at Princeton University.

Shaun Bowler, Professor of Political Science, UC Riverside.

Robert D. Brown, Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Mississippi.

Thomas L. Brunell, Professor of Political Science at the University of Texas, Dallas.

Barry C. Burden, Professor of Political Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Matthew K. Buttice, Ph.D. candidate in the Political Science Department at the University of California, Davis.

Ann N. Crigler, Professor of Political Science, University of Southern California.

Tiffany C. Davenport, doctoral student in Political Science at Yale University.

Todd Donovan, Professor of Political Science, Western Washington University.

Mark N. Franklin, Stein Rokkan Professor of Comparative Politics, European University Institute, Florence; Reitemeyer Professor Emeritus of International Politics, Trinity College Connecticut.