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David Wragg - Sink the French!: At War with Our Ally—1940

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David Wragg Sink the French!: At War with Our Ally—1940
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A history-defining moment in World War II, when the allied nations of England and France stood on the precipice of betrayaland war with each other.
After the forces of Nazi Germany launched their Blitzkrieg assault on Holland, Belgium, and Northern France, the tentative relationship between Great Britain and France was strained to the limit. For when the Vichy regime surrendered, the British had grave fears that the Germans would force the French naval fleetthe fourth largest in the worldto turn against their former ally, while in fact their orders were to scuttle should the Germans attempt to seize them.
Sink the French! examines the precursors to the fall of France and its consequences, most particularly the way the French Navy was dealt with. It examines the confused situation that Frances defeat created, including the rise of a relatively junior French general, Charles de Gaulle, who was smuggled out of France by the RAF.
Elsewhere French ships were boarded and seized by the British, and at Oran, Algeria, their fleet was bombarded by the Royal Navyjust as there were other incidents including French aircraft bombing Gibraltar.
This insightful exploration of a world sinking into chaosand the mistrust war can breed between alliesis a must-read for anyone interested in this pivotal moment in history, when opposition to the Nazis was almost broken.

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Table of Contents Acknowledgements I n researching and writing any book - photo 1
Table of Contents

Acknowledgements

I n researching and writing any book like this, the author is always grateful to those who have helped to ease his way, and especially the team at the Imperial War Museum Photograph Archive and Sound Archive, an invaluable source of original material.

David Wragg
Edinburgh
December 2006

APPENDIX I
The French Fleet in 1940

A rmament shows torpedo tubes as submerged or above the water, otherwise all torpedo tubes are deck-mounted. The number of tubes is given followed by whether these are twin or triple tubes, so that 6 X 3 torpedo tubes means six triple tubes.

Battleships

Jean Bart, Richelieu
1939/1940
35,000 tons; LOA: 800 ft; 30 knots.
Armament: 8 X 15-in; 12 3.9-in AA; 4 aircraft, two catapults.

Lorraine
1916
22,200 tons; LOA: 545 ft; 22 knots.
Armament: 8 X 13.5-in; 14 X 5.5-in; 5 X AA; 1 aircraft and
catapult.

Bretagne, Provence
1915, but rebuilt 1919/1920 and again 1933-1935.
As above but with 10 X 13.5-in, no aircraft.
Note: when reconstructed in 1934/35, Lorraine had her
midships twin 13.5-in turret replaced by aircraft and catapult.

Courbet, Ocean, Paris
1913/1914, but rebuilt 1928/1929
22,200 tons; LOA: 550 ft; 20 knots.
Armament: 12 X 12-in; 22 X 5.5-in; 10 X AA;12 submerged
torpedo tubes.

Battlecruisers

Dunkerque, Strasbourg
1936,1940
26,500 tons; LOA: 702 ft; 30 knots.
Armament: 8 X 13-in; 16 X 5.1-in; 8 X AA; 2 aircraft and 1
catapult.

Cruisers

Algerie
1934
10,000 tons; LOA: 617 ft; 31 knots.
Armament: 8 X 8-in; 12 X 3.9-in AA; 6 X 3 torpedo tubes; 3
aircraft and catapult.

Colbert, Dupleix, Foch, Suffren
1928-1931
9,900 tons; LOA: 644 ft; 32.25 knots.
Armament: 8 X 8-in; 8 X 3-in AA; 6 X 3 torpedo tubes; 3 aircraft
and catapult.

Duquesne, Tourville
1928
10,000 tons; LOA: 627 ft; 33 knots.
Armament: 8 X 8-in; 8 X 3-in AA; 6 X 3 torpedo tubes; 3 aircraft
and catapult.

Georges Leygues, Gloire, Jean de Vienne, La Galissonire,
Marseillaise, Montcalm
1935-1937
7,600 tons; LOA: 565/588 ft; 32 knots.
Armament: 9 X 6-in; 8 X 3.5-in AA, plus 8 small AA; 4 X 2
torpedo tubes; 4 aircraft and catapult.

Emile Bertin
1934
5,900 tons; LOA: 580 ft; 34 knots.
Armament: 9 X 6-in; 4 X 3.5-in AA; 6 X 3 torpedo tubes; 1
aircraft and catapult.

Pluton (minelaying cruiser)
1931
4,800 tons; LOA: 500 ft; 30 knots.
Armament: 4 X 5.5-in; 4 X 3-in AA; 6 X 3 torpedo tubes; mines.

Duguay-Trouin, Lamotte-Picquet, Primauguet
1926
7,300 tons; LOA: 595 ft; 34 knots.
Armament: 8 X 6.1-in; 4 X 3-in AA;12 X 3 torpedo tubes; 1
aircraft and catapult.

Jeanne dArc (training cruiser)
1931
6,500 tons; LOA: 558 ft; 25 knots.
Armament: 8 X 6.1-in; 4 X 3-in AA; 2 torpedo tubes; 2 aircraft
and catapult.

Aircraft Carrier

Barn
1927
22,000 tons; LOA: 600 ft; 21 knots.
Armament: 8 X 6.1-in; 6 X 3.9-in AA plus 8 smaller; 4 above
waterline torpedo tubes; 40 aircraft.

Seaplane Tender

Commandant Teste
1931
10,000 tons; LOA: 560 ft; 20 knots.
Armament: 12 X 3.9-in AA; 25 aircraft and 4 catapults

Large Destroyers or Contre-Torpilleurs (Torpedo-Boat-Catchers)

MOGADOR CLASS
Desaix, Mogador, Hoche, Klber, Volta, Marceau
1937-1939
2,900 tons; LOA: 450 ft; 38 knots.
Armament: 8 X 5.5-in; 10 X 2 torpedo tubes.

FANTASQUE CLASS
LAudacieux, LFantasque, LIndomptable, Le Malin, Le Terrible,
Le Triomphant
1935-1936
2,600 tons; LOA: 435 ft; 43 knots ( Le Terrible is supposed to have
set a record of 45.25 knots).
Armament: 5 X 5.5-in; 9 X 3 torpedo tubes.

BISON CLASS
Bison, Guepard, Lion, Valmy, Vauban, Verdun
1929-1931
2,400 tons; LOA: 430 ft; 36 knots.
Armament: 5 X 5.5-in; 6 X 3 torpedo tubes.

AIGLE CLASS
Aigle, Albatros, Cassard, Epervier, Gerfaut, Kersaint, Le Chevalier,
Paul, Maill-Brz, Milan, Tartu, Vauquelin, Vatour
1931-1934
2,400 tons; LOA: 425 ft; 36 knots.
Armament: 5 X 5.5-in; 6 or 7 torpedo tubes.

CHACAL CLASS
Chacal, Jaguar, Lopard, Lynx, Panthre, Tigre
1926/1927
2,100 tons; LOA: 416 ft; 35 knots.
Armament: 5 X 5.1-in; 8 AA guns; 6 X 3 torpedo tubes.

Destroyers

CASQUE CLASS
Adventurier, Casque, Epee, Fleuret, Intrepide, Lansequenet, Le
Corsair, Le Filibustier, Le Hardi, Mameluck, Opinaitre, Temeraire
1938-1939
1,800 tons; LOA: 400ft; 36 knots.
Armament: 6 X 5.1-in; 7 X 2 torpedo tubes.

ADROIT-CLASS (SOMETIMES CLASSED AS TORPILLEURS, OR
TORPEDO-BOATS)
Basque, Bordelais, Boulonnais, Brestois, Forbin, Foudroyant,
Fougueux, Frondeur, LAdroit, LAlycon, La Palme, La Railleuse,
Le Fortune, Le Mars
1927-1929
1,400 tons; LOA: 330 ft; 32 knots.
Armament: 4 X 5.1-in; 6 X 3 torpedo tubes

SIMOUN CLASS (SOMETIMES CLASSED AS TORPILLEURS, OR
TORPEDO-BOATS)
Bourrasque, Cyclone, Mistral, Orage, Ouragan, Simoun, Sirocco,
Tempte, Tornade, Tramontane, Trombe, Typhon
1924/1925
1,300 tons; LOA: 347 ft; 33 knots.
Armament: 4 X 5.1-in; 2 X AA guns; 6 X 3 torpedo tubes

Torpedo Boats

Enseigne, Gabolde
1924
800 tons; LOA: 270 ft; 33 knots.
Armament: 3 X 3.9-in; 1 X 3-in AA; 4 X 2 torpedo tubes.

Enseigne Roux
1915
800 tons; LOA: 290 ft; 30 knots.
Armament: 2 X 3.9-in; 1 X 3-in AA; 4 X 2 torpedo tubes.

LAGILE CLASS
LAgile, LAlsacien, Le Breton, Le Fier, LEstrerenant, Le Corse,
Le Farouche, Le Nioise, Le Normand, Le Parisien, Le Provencal,
Le Saiettongeais, Le Savoyard, Le Tunisien
1938-1940
1,000 tons; LOA: 300 ft; 34 knots.
Armament: 4 X 3.9-in; 4 torpedo tubes.

BALISTE-CLASS
Baliste, Bombarde, Bouclier, Branlebas, LIncomprise, LIphigenie,
La Bayonnaise, La Cordelire, La Flore, La Melpomene, La Pomone,
La Pursuivante
1935-1937
600 tons; LOA: 265 ft; 34 knots.
Armament: 2 X 3.9-in; 4 torpedo tubes.

Submarines

Displacement tonnages have the surface displacement followed by submerged displacement, with surface speed followed by maximum submerged speed, although this would usually be a dash of one or at the most two hours, with patrol speed being much lower, at around 4 or 5 knots.

Surcouf (Corsair submarine)
1931
2,900/4,300 tons; LOA: 360 ft; 18/10 knots.
Armament: 2 X 8-in; 2 AA; 10 torpedo tubes; 1 aircraft.

La Praya, Roland, Morillot
1939/1940
1,100/1,610 tons; LOA: 280 ft; 23/9knots.
Armament: 11 torpedo tubes.

REDOUBTABLE CLASS

Acteon, Acheron, Achille, Agosta, Ajax, Archimede, Argo, Beveziers,
Casablanca, Fresnel, Henri, Poincare, LEspoir, Le Centaure,
Le Conquerant, La Glorieux, Le Heros, Le Tonnant, Monge,
Ouessant, Pascal, Pasteur, Pegase, Persee, Phenix, Poncelet, Protee,
Redoubtable, Sfax, Sidi-Ferruch
1928-1938
1,400/2,100 tons; LOA: 302ft; 20/10 knots.
Armament: 1 X 3.9-in; 2 AA; 11 torpedo tubes.

SAPHIR CLASS

Daimant, Nautilus, Perle, Rubis, Saphir, Turquoise
1928-1935
700/900 tons; LOA: 220 ft; 12/9 knots.
Armament: 1 X 3-in; 5 torpedo tubes; 32 mines.

REQUIN CLASS

Caiman, Dauphin, Espadon, Marsouin, Morse, Narval, Phoque,
Requin, Souffleur
19241926, reconstructed 1938-1940
1,000/1,400 tons; LOA: 258 ft; 16/10 knots.
Armament: 1 X 3.9-in; 10 torpedo tubes.

Ren Audry (Originally completed by Germany as U-119 in

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