Matt Easton - We Have Tired of Violence: A True Story of Murder, Memory, and the Fight for Justice in Indonesia

A True Story of Murder, Memory, and theFight for Justice in Indonesia

MATT EASTON

NEW YORK

LONDON

For Alif & Diva, Sjahrazad & Alchemisha, and Loreley & Willa

Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur): Former Suharto critic and Muslim leader who became president in 1999, only to be impeached in 2001.

Adnan Buyung Nasution (Buyung): A founder of the Legal Aid Foundation (LBH) and the broader human rights movement in Indonesia.

Anton Charlian: Police investigator who worked on the case for the first several years.

Asad Said Ali: Deputy Director of BIN at the time of Munirs murder.

Asmara Nababan: Senior figure in the human rights community and vice-chair of the Munir fact-finding team.

B. J. Habibie: Named vice-president in March 1998, he became president upon Suhartos resignation in May.

Bambang Hendarso Danuri (Hendarso): Director of the Criminal Investigation Division during the most effective phase of the police investigation.

Bambang Irawan: Medical doctor and BIN agent rumored to have been on Munirs flight, and with Pollycarpus in Aceh under martial law.

Bijah Subiakto: BIN Deputy VII for Information, Communications, and Technology, he spoke to Suci several times after Munirs death.

Bimo Petrus (Bimpet): Courier for the underground pro-democracy organization PRD, he disappeared in 1998.

Brahmanie Hastawati: Purser on Munirs flight from Jakarta to Singapore.

Dr. Budi Sampurna: Forensics expert who worked with Munir on exhumation of bodies in West Timor and later provided expert testimony in the Munir case.

Budi Santoso: BIN agent who provided significant testimony to police.

Chairawan Nusyirwan: Army colonel and head of Group 4 of the Special Forces (Kopassus), tasked with covert operations. He was brought before the military honor board in August 1998, alongside Gen. Prabowo and Gen. Muchdi.

Cyrus Sinaga: Prosecutor in the trial of Muchdi Purwopranjono.

Dr. Hakim Tarmizi: Prominent doctor who was a passenger on Munirs flight and treated him on board.

Hendardi: Former LBH colleague of Munir who served on the factfinding team and testified at trial.

A.M. Hendropriyono: Retired general who directed BIN at the time of Munirs murder.

Indra Listiantara: Former KontraS staffer who took part in investigations by Kasum and the TPF.

Indra Setiawan: Director of Garuda Indonesia in 2004.

J. J. Raymond Latuihamallo (Ongen): Christian singer who became a pivotal witness to events in Singapore Changi Airport.

Karmel Sembiring: Chief of Pilots, Pollycarpuss direct supervisor.

Maria Catarina Sumarsih (Sumarsih): Mother of Wawan, a victim of the Semanggi I shootings. Sumarsih was a cofounder of the weekly protests known as kamisan.

Marsinah: Young worker who was abducted and murdered after helping to win a salary increase at her watch factory in 1993.

Marsudhi Hanafi: Police general and chair of the TPF, and later head of the police investigation until his abrupt removal from the case.

Megawati Sukarnoputri: President of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004, leader of PDI-P, and daughter of President Soekarno.

Muchdi Purwopranjono: BIN Deputy V at the time of Munirs death, and Kopassus commander in the last days of Suhartos rule.

Nezar Patria: PRD activist abducted and tortured in March 1998, roommates with Mugi, Aan, and the missing Bimo Petrus.

Nurhadi Djazuli: BIN principal secretary at the time of Munirs death.

Poengky Indarti: Long-time friend and colleague of Munir at LBH Surabaya and Imparsial.

Pollycarpus Budihari Priyanto (Polly): Co-pilot for Garuda Indonesia.

Prabowo Subianto: Commander of Kopassus and Kostrad under his father-in-law Suharto, candidate for president, and minister of defense in Jokowis cabinet.

Rachland Nashidik: Friend and colleague of Munir, and member of the TPF.

Ramelgia Anwar (Ramel): Vice-President for Corporate Security at Garuda Indonesia.

Rohainil Aini: Secretary to the Chief of Pilots.

Soekarno: First president of Indonesia, Soekarno was removed from power by General Suharto in stages beginning in late 1965.

Suharto: President of Indonesia from 1967 until 1998.

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY): First directly elected president in Indonesias history, SBY created the fact-finding team in the Munir case and was president from 2004 to 2014.

Tuti Koto: Mother of Yani Afri, a young bus driver and Megawati supporter abducted in 1997. Tuti Koto was one of the first family members to turn to Munir for help, leading to the founding of KontraS.

Ucok: Nickname of Muhammad Patma Anwar, who claimed to police that he was a BIN agent tasked with killing Munir.

Wiji Thukul: Radical poet and PRD activist, he disappeared in 1998, not long before Suhartos resignation.

Wiranto: Commander of the armed forces when Suharto resigned and during the early reformasi period. He later ran for vice-president and president, before serving in President Jokowis cabinet.

Badan Intelijen Negara (BIN): State Intelligence Agency.

dalang: The puppeteer of the wayang shadow plays performed on Java and Bali, in which the Hindu epics are performed behind a backlit screen. The term also refers to a person secretly in control of a plot or conspiracy.

dukun: A practitioner of various forms of magic or divination.

dwi fungsi: Dual function, a doctrine used to justify a military role in social and political affairs.

kampung: The term can mean either village or poorer urban neighborhood. The English term compound, for a collection of buildings, derives from kampung, by way of Dutch and Portuguese.

Komando Pasukan Khusus (Kopassus): Special Forces branch of the army.

Komisi untuk Orang Hilang dan Korban Tindak Kekerasan (KontraS): The Commission for the Disappeared and Victims of Violence, an organization founded by Munir and others in 1998 to address a wave of politically-motivated disappearances.

Komite Aksi Solidaritas Untuk Munir (Kasum): Solidarity Action Committee for Munir, formed in 2004 by friends and colleagues to carry out investigation and advocacy for the case.

Kostrad (Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat): The Army Strategic Reserve Command.

Lembaga Bantuan Hukum (LBH): Legal Aid Foundation, a network of offices across Indonesia that is the countrys oldest and largest human rights organization.

Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR): Peoples Consultative Assembly, an elected body that meets every five years to set broad policy and, until 2004, to select the president.