IMPERIALISM, ACADEME AND NATIONALISM
IMPERIALISM, ACADEME AND NATIONALISM
Britain and University Education for Africans 18601960
APOLLOS O. NWAUWA
Rhode Island College, Providence, RI
First Published in 1997 in Great Britain by
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and in the United States of America by
FRANK CASS
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Copyright Apollos O. Nwauwa 1996
British Library Cataloguing in Publication data Nwauwa, Apollos O.
Imperialism, academe and nationalism : Britain and university education for Africans, 18601960
1. Education, Higher - Africa - History - 19th century
2. Education, Higher - Africa - History - 20th century
3. Education - Great Britain - Colonies 4. Africans - Education (Higher) - History
I. Title
378.6
ISBN 0-7146-4668-7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data
Nwauwa, Apollos O. (Apollos Okwuchi), 1960-
Imperialism, academe, and nationalism : Britain and university education for Africans, 1860-1960/ Apollos O. Nwauwa.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7146-4668-7
ISBN 978-1-134-72877-0 (epub)
1. Education, Higher--Political aspects--Africa--History--19th century. 2. Education, Higher--Political aspects--Africa- -History--20th century. 3. Great Britain--Politics and government--19th century. 4 Great Britain--Politics and government--20th century. 5. Nationalism and education--History. 6. Educational anthropology--Africa--History. I. Title.
LA1533.N93 1996 | 96-2116 |
378.609034--dc20 | CIP |
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
This book is a revised version of my doctoral dissertation at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. For a study of this scope to come to fruition several individuals and institutions played major roles. First and foremost, I am grateful to Dalhousie University which offered me a Graduate Fellowship in 1988. I also thank the Board of Trustees of the Izaac Walton Killam Funds for awarding me a Killam doctoral scholarship for three consecutive years. Furthermore, I am thankful to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and the Department of History Turbay Trust Funds (African History) for providing me with the necessary research/travel grants which made possible the visits to England, Sierra Leone, Ghana and Nigeria.
Many individuals aided the successful completion of this study. I am particularly grateful to the staff of the Public Record Office, Kew Gardens, London; University of London Archives and Palaeography; National Archives of Ghana, Accra; National Archives of Nigeria, Ibadan; and Sierra Leone Archives at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, who helped me tremendously during the process of data collection. I would not fail to mention the invaluable assistance of the staff of the Killam Library, especially those in the Inter-Library Loan Department who combed libraries all over north America and Europe for materials relevant to this study. Similarly, I thank the staff of Balme Library, University of Ghana, Fourah Bay College Library and Dike Memorial Library, University of Ibadan for their patience while I consulted their reserve collections.
I remain indebted to my research supervisor, Professor John E. Flint who, apart from providing the inspiration for this study, also took pains to guide me in the art of historical scholarship. In spite of his retirement from active teaching in mid-1992, Professor Flint was determined to see this study through. Special thanks also go to Professor James B. Webster, whose perceptive comments and suggestions resulting from his personal experience, having taught at the University of Ibadan (Nigeria) and Makerere University (Uganda) for so many years, have greatly benefited this work. I would like to thank Professor Jane Parpart whose comments and suggestions on the draft chapters proved useful.
I am grateful to those who accommodated me during my research trips. While in London, the International House run by the International Students Housing Society in Woolwich provided me with accommodation. I appreciate the support of Mr Solo Fofana of the Department of Languages and Literature, Fourah Bay College, in guiding and accommodating me in Freetown, Sierra Leone. While in Accra, Ghana, the late Mr Peter Nortey (Snr) was most helpful. In Nigeria, I remain grateful to the late Mr A. O. Adeoye, a doctoral student and colleague with whom I stayed at the University of Ibadan while consulting the University and National Archives. I thank all faculty and staff of the History Department at Dalhousie University who helped me in one way or another during the duration of this study. To my colleagues Wilson, Tim and Julius who completed the doctoral programme (African history) with me at Dalhousie in the same year, I say, Cheerio! Without these cronies and other acquaintances in Halifax, studying at Dalhousie would not have been so exciting and eventful.
Lastly, but most importantly, I am indebted to my wife, Helen, who endured my irritating working habits and schedules conditioned by the nature of this research. Without her care and continuous encouragement, this work would have suffered greatly. To my parents-in-law, Joe and Christina Hagan, who encouraged me, and to my mother Veronica brothers, sisters, and relatives who patiently endured my long absence from home, I say, Thank you. I remain very pleased that all our efforts and sacrifices were not in vain.
Providence, Rhode Island | A. O. Nwauwa |
February 1996 |
Abbreviations
AC | Academic Council Files, University of London |
ACCCAST | Advisory Committee on Colonial Colleges of Arts, Science and Technology |
ACEC | Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies |
ACNETA | Advisory Committee on Native Education in Tropical Africa |
CD&WA | Colonial Development and Welfare Act |
CO | Colonial Office |
Cmd. | Command Paper issued by the British Government |
CMS | Church Missionary Society |
CSO | Colonial Secretarys Office (Territorial) |
CUGAC | Colonial University Grants Advisory Committee |
EAJ | East Africa Journal |
HMSO | His (Her) Majestys Stationery Office |
IUC | Inter-University Council for Higher Education in the Colonies |
IUP | Ibadan University Press |
JAS | Journal of African Studies |