Freedom and the Fifth Commandment
Freedom
and the Fifth
Commandment
Catholic priests and political
violence in Ireland, 1919-21
Brian Heffernan
Manchester University Press
Manchester and New York
distributed in the United States exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan
Copyright Brian Heffernan 2014
The right of Brian Heffernan to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
ISBN 978 0 7190 9048 6
First published 2014
The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Typeset in 10/12pt Plantin Std by
Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire
To my parents,
Jim and Annelies Heffernan
Contents
Figures and tables
Figures
Tables
Acknowledgements
This book has its origins in a PhD thesis completed in 2011 at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. It was funded by the university and by what was then still the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences. To both institutions I owe an important debt of gratitude.
The book has benefited immensely from the assistance of a number of persons. Foremost among them is Professor Vincent Comerford. I was very fortunate in having him as my PhD supervisor in Maynooth, and I am particularly grateful to him for investing time and effort in this project even after his retirement. His advice and feedback always subtle and always to the point have been simply indispensable, and his constant kind encouragement has been very important to me. My thanks are also due to Dr Joost Augusteijn, a generous mentor from whose teaching and writing I have learnt many of the things that enabled me to write this book. Professor Charles Townshend, Dr Thomas OConnor and a number of anonymous reviewers all offered most valuable advice. Any remaining errors of fact or judgement are, of course, entirely my own.
I would also like to thank the following people for their valued help: Margaret de Brn; Damien Burke; Joseph Canning; Gerard Chestnutt; the late Professor Patrick J. Corish; Dr Edward Daly; Bernie Deasy; Gerard Dolan; Noelle Dowling; Margaret Doyle; Thomas Doyle; Martin Fagan; Ignatius Fennessy, OFM; Hugh Fenning, OP; Carole Jacquet; David Kelly, OSA; Professor Dermot Keogh; Tom Kilgarriff; Dr Brian Kirby; Dr John Kirby; Professor Brendan McConvery, CSsR; Joseph Mac Loughlin, CSsR; Clement Mac Mnuis CSsR; Laura Magnier; Fintan Monahan; Dr William Murphy; the late Patrick ODonnell, CSsR; Fergus ODonoghue, SJ; Paul Ryan; Joseph Somerville; Professor Frans Vosman and Kieran Waldron. I am very grateful to the team at Manchester University Press for all their work on this book and to Dr Fiona Little for the copyediting.
Many thanks also to the following holders of copyright who kindly permitted me to quote from material from their archives or databases: the archbishops of Armagh, Dublin and Tuam, the bishops of Clonfert, Cork and Ross, Elphin, Galway, Kerry and Killaloe, the diocesan archivist of Kildare and Leighlin, the provincials of the Irish Jesuit and Capuchin provinces, the rector of the Pontifical Irish College, Rome, the director of the Centre Culturel Irlandais, Paris, the rector of Clonard Redemptorist Monastery, Belfast, and the Irish Newspaper Archives for quotations from the Irish Independent, the Freemans Journal and the Nenagh Guardian.
I thank Drs Caroline Gallagher, Marta Ramn and Pierre Ranger for sharing their academic expertise with me, for their help on many an occasion and for their good friendship. I am, as always, grateful to Mary Heffernan for her generous encouragement. John Heffernan and Claire Conway I thank for ever-stimulating conversation and for their extraordinary hospitality, which made Ireland a home away from home. Above all, I am grateful to Etienne Chreau for his patience, support and unfailing good humour.
My greatest debt is to my parents, Jim and Annelies Heffernan. Their constant support in good times and bad has meant much more to me than they realise. To them I affectionately dedicate this book.
Abbreviations and note on spelling
Abbreviations
ADA | Armagh Diocesan Archives, Armagh |
AICP | Archives of the Irish College, Paris |
AICR | Archives of the Pontifical Irish College, Rome |
BMH | Bureau of Military History |
CD | contemporary document |
CDA | Cork and Ross Diocesan Archives, Cork |
CIC | Codex iuris canonici (Code of Canon Law) |
CMA | Clonard Redemptorist Monastery Domestic Archive, |
Belfast |
CO | Colonial Office: Dublin Castle records |
CPA | Capuchin Provincial Archives, Dublin |
CtDA | Clonfert Diocesan Archives, Loughrea |
DDA | Dublin Diocesan Archives, Dublin |
EDA | Elphin Diocesan Archives, Sligo |
GDA | Galway Diocesan Archives, Galway |
ICD | Irish Catholic Directory |
IGMR | Inspector generals monthly confidential report |
IJA | Irish Jesuit Archives, Dublin |
IRA | Irish Republican Army |
KDA | Killaloe Diocesan Archives, Ennis |
KyDA | Kerry Diocesan Archives, Killarney |
MA | Military Archives, Dublin |
NLI | National Library of Ireland, Dublin |
PP | parish priest |
RIC | Royal Irish Constabulary |
TD | Teachta Dla (member of the Dil) |
TDA | Tuam Diocesan Archives, Tuam |
TNA | The National Archives, Kew |
UCDA | University College Dublin Archives, Dublin |
WO | War Office: Army of Ireland: Administrative and Easter rising records |
WS | witness statement |
Note on spelling
Quotations have been tacitly edited to conform with the capitalisation style used in the rest of the book.
Map: Ecclesiastical provinces and dioceses of Ireland, 191921