Sergio Catignani - Israeli Counter-Insurgency and the Intifadas: Dilemmas of a Conventional Army

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Israeli Counter-Insurgency and theIntifadas

This book analyses the conduct of the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) counter-insurgency operations during the two major Palestinian uprisings (198793 and 20005) in the territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Divided into two parts, the book explores, first, the function and historical background of the IDF, and, second, how the IDF has coped with and adapted to the two Intifadas. Drawing on a variety of sources, it analyses the degree of success experienced by the IDF in adapting its conventional conduct of warfare to the realities of the IsraeliPalestinian low-intensity conflict. By examining the way in which the IDF and the Israeli security doctrine were formed and developed over time, the book also explores how far Israeli strategic assumptions, civilmilitary relations, the organisational culture, command and control structure, and conduct of the IDF have affected its adaptation to the contemporary IsraeliPalestinian conflict. It also provides new insights into how conventional armies struggle with contemporary insurgency.

This book will be of much interest to students of low-intensity conflict and counter-insurgency, the Israeli army, the Middle Eastern conflict and strategic studies in general.

Sergio Catignani is a Max Weber Fellow at the European University Institute, Florence. He has a PhD in War Studies from Kings College London.

Middle Eastern military studies

Series Editor: Barry Rubin, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel

• The Israeli Military and the Origins of the 1967 War
  Army command vs. political leadership, 19631967
  Ami Gluska

• Israeli Counter-Insurgency and theIntifadas
  Dilemmas of a conventional army
  Sergio Catignani

Israeli Counter-Insurgency and theIntifadas

Dilemmas of a conventional army

Sergio Catignani

First published 2008
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008.

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledges collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.

2008 Sergio Catignani

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Scripture quotations marked NLT are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright 1996, 2004. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, Illinois 60189.
All rights reserved.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN 0-203-93069-X Master e-book ISBN

ISBN10: 0-415-43388-6 (hbk)
ISBN10: 0-203-93069-X (ebk)

ISBN13: 978-0-415-43388-4 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-93069-4 (ebk)

In that day of peace, battle gear will no longer be issued. Never again will uniforms be bloodstained by war. All such equipment will be burned.

Isaiah 9:5 (NLT)

Figures

Hizbullah attacks against Israeli targets, 199095

Palestinian suicide attacks perpetrated versus thwarted, 200104

Qassam attacks on Israeli targets, 200004

Mortar shell attacks on Israeli targets, 200004

IDF house demolitions of Palestinian homes in the Occupied Territories for punitive purposes, 200105

IDF house demolitions of Palestinian homes for alleged military purposes, 2004

Israeli GDP per capita growth, 200004

Israeli unemployment rate, 200004

Percentage of Israeli population under the poverty line, 19992004

Tables

IDF personnel killed by Hizbullah attacks, 199298

Jewish settlers in the West Bank, 197686

Demolition of homes, 9 December 198791

Sealing of homes, 198890

Israeli casualties, 29 September 20009 August 2005

Palestinian casualties, 29 September 20009 August 2005

Israeli public opinion on IDF military options

Weapons seized during operation Defensive Shield

Total hours of IDF curfews on major Palestinian population centres, 18 June 200225 January 2004

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Professor Sir Lawrence Freedman for the supervision, mentorship and the timely encouragement given that enabled me to complete my PhD, which forms the basis of this book. I would like to thank the Department of War Studies and, in particular, the School of Social Science and Public Policy, which provided me with the funding necessary to conduct research at Kings College London and carry out various research trips to Israel between 2003 and 2004. Special thanks go also to my two viva voce examiners, Professor Clive Jones (Leeds University) and Professor Caroline Kennedy-Pipe (Sheffield University) for their valuable input and suggestions on how to improve my manuscript.

I would also like to express my appreciation towards Capt. Henrietta Levi and Salit Braginsky of the IDF Spokespersons Office who, after a lot of negotiating and cajoling, were able to help me interview serving members of the IDF. I must express my deep gratitude to friends, colleagues and family, who at one time or another provided moral support, wise counsel and a shoulder to sulk on: Professor Theo Farrell, Menisha Gor, Dr David Betz, Dr Rachel Kerr, Anne-Lucie Norton, Professor Christopher Dandeker, Dr Joe Maiolo, Eitan Shamir, Wrenford Hylton, my family, Antonio, Carmen, Gianluca and Rosy Catignani and, most importantly my wife, Sabina (Spasibo, dorogaya moya).

Finally I would like to thank the editors of Parameters, Terrorism and Political Violence, Journal of Strategic Studies and The Royal United Services Institute Journal, the director of the Global Strategy Forum, Jonathan Lehrle, the president of the Society for Military and Strategic Studies at the University of Calgary, Colin Gainer, and the director of the Canadian Forces Leadership Institute, Col. Bernd Horn, for having granted me permission to reprint excerpts of articles already published by their organisations.

1 Introduction

The literature on Israels security dilemmas and its armed forces is extensive both in terms of depth as well as breadth. There is, however, a major gap in the literature relating to the Israel Defence Forces (IDF), or Tsahal.

This book analyses the tactical and operational conduct of the Israel Defence Forces counter-insurgency operations during the two major Palestinian uprisings (198793 and 200005) in the Territories. It sets out to see whether or not the IDF has been able to adapt its conventional order of battle and conduct of warfare to the realities of the IsraeliPalestinian LIC and achieve some sort of victory over the Palestinian insurgency.

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