Melanie Collard - Torture as State Crime: A Criminological Analysis of the Transnational Institutional Torturer

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Torture as State Crime

Can we understand torture by focusing on the torture chamber or even on the states in which it is practiced, or do we have to consider the wider political context in which it is embedded? This is the central question of this book which explores concepts of state crime for understanding and responding to the indirect use of torture by external nation states.

Drawing on the cooperation between France and Argentina in Argentinas Dirty War, this book explores the utility of the concept of state crime for understanding and responding to the indirect use of torture by external nation states with a detailed examination of the exportation of torture techniques and training expertise as complicity in torture. Discussing the institutionalisation of torture in its international structural context, this book focuses on examining three alleged manifestations of the torturer: direct perpetrator, institutional perpetrator, and transnational institutional perpetrator.

Important reading for those in the fields of criminology, sociology, international relations and human rights law, this book will also be of key interest to scholars and students in the areas of state crime, human rights and imperialism.

Melanie Collard is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Law, University of Hertfordshire, UK.

Crimes of the Powerful

Crimes of the Powerful encompasses the harmful, injurious, and victimizing behaviors perpetrated by privately or publicly operated businesses, corporations, and organizations as well as the state mediated administrative, legalistic, and political responses to these crimes.

The series draws attention to the commonalities of the theories, practices, and controls of the crimes of the powerful. It focuses on the overlapping spheres and inter-related worlds of a wide array of existing and recently developing areas of social, historical, and behavioral inquiry into the wrongdoings of multinational organizations, nation-states, stateless regimes, illegal networks, financialization, globalization, and securitization.

These examinations of the crimes of the powerful straddle a variety of related disciplines and areas of academic interest, including studies in criminology and criminal justice; law and human rights; conflict, peace, and security; economic change, environmental decay, and global sustainability.

Gregg Barak, Eastern Michigan University, USA

Penny Green, Queen Mary University of London, UK

Tony Ward, Northumbria University, UK

Revisiting Crimes of the Powerful

Marxism, Crime and Deviance

Edited by Steven Bittle, Laureen Snider, Steve Tombs and David Whyte

Torture as State Crime

A Criminological Analysis of the Transnational Institutional Torturer

Melanie Collard

For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Crimes-of-the-Powerful/book-series/COTP

Torture as State Crime

A Criminological Analysis of the Transnational Institutional Torturer

Melanie Collard

First published 2019

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2019 Melanie Collard

The right of Melanie Collard to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Collard, Melanie, author.

Title: Torture as state crime : a criminological analysis of the transnational institutional torturer / Melanie Collard.

Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.

| Series: Crimes of the powerful | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018014699| ISBN 9781138210059 (hardback) | ISBN 9781315456133 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Torture. | State crimes. | Political crimes and offenses.

Classification: LCC HV8593 .C635 2019 | DDC 364.1/38dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018014699

ISBN: 978-1-138-21005-9 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-315-45613-3 (ebk)

Typeset in Bembo

by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear

Contents

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank all those who have assisted, supported and inspired me during my research a journey that has been both memorable and insightful.

I would like to express my gratitude to the Lacey French Travel Bursary and Kings College London Centre of European Law Travel Grant for funding my various forays into France and Argentina, ventures that permitted me to undertake fieldwork, collect data and absorb something of French and Argentine cultures. Similar sincere gratitude is also due the Modern Law Review and Kings College London Graduate School, for awarding me scholarships that afforded me the opportunity of undertaking doctoral research in a field of study in which I have a great interest.

I especially want to thank my supervisor, Prof. Penny Green, for her guidance during my research and study. Her perpetual enthusiasm for my project motivated this book throughout and I am deeply grateful to her for the invaluable and prompt comments on draft chapters. Thanks also to Prof. Mary Vogel and Prof. Ben Bowling for their useful comments on an earlier draft of the first two chapters of this book. All errors remaining are of course mine alone.

So many fellow critical thinkers have stimulated and supported me throughout my studies. Their names are too numerous to list here, although I must make mention of Dr Anastasia Chamberlen, Dr Henrique Carvalho, Dr Lisa Forsberg, and Dr Isra Black. They nurtured my academic development and they continue to keep me thinking.

I would also like to thank other friends who have brought a great deal of laughter and warmth into my life especially Morgane, Jade, Frdrique, Daiana and Petra. This work could not have been completed without their encouragement and the much-appreciated diversions they gave me.

Finally, last but not least, I owe an incalculable debt to my incredibly patient family for their unflagging love and support. Special thanks to my amazingly amazing father, alias Loup, and my husband, Jody this journey would have been simply impossible without them. I dedicate this book to my twins, Rose and Jack.

Abbreviations

AAA	Alianza Anticomunista Argentina; the Triple A
ADF	Archives Diplomatiques Francaises; French Diplomatic Archives
AMA	Archivos Militares Argentinos

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