Renata Meirelles - State Violence, Torture, and Political Prisoners: On the Role Played by Amnesty International in Brazil During the Dictatorship (1964–1985) (Crimes of the Powerful)

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State Violence, Torture, and Political Prisoners

State Violence, Torture, and Political Prisoners discusses the activities of Amnesty International during the period of Brazils dictatorship (19641985). During the dictatorship, Amnesty assisted political prisoners who were submitted to torture and helped to publicise charges of torture against agents of the military regimes repressive apparatus. Through a specific examination of Amnestys work with Brazilian political prisoners, this book explores how Amnesty adapted its organisational principles such as non-violence and the focus on individual cases during this time.

In 1967 Amnesty experienced a severe internal crisis which prompted the organisation to make structural changes. These changes enabled it to expand its activities beyond Europe to Latin America, including Brazil. This book examines one of Amnesty Internationals first major campaigns against torture and the impact this had on the organisations development of a new agenda. Bringing a critical and historical perspective on Amnestys work, the book contributes to the debate on the role of human rights organisations in addressing human rights abuses worldwide. It makes a significant contribution to international research on state crime, human rights, and torture.

Renata Meirelles is an historian and researcher from Brazil. Since March 2018, she has taught Theory of History at Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). She has a PhD in history (2016) and a masters degree in history (2008). During her PhD, she developed part of her research abroad at Kings College London and Lcole des Hautes tudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris. Her research focusses on human rights, international relations, and civil society resistance to state violence.

Crimes of the Powerful

Gregg Barak, Eastern Michigan University, USA

Penny Green, Queen Mary University of London, UK

Tony Ward, Northumbria University, UK

Crimes of the Powerful encompasses the harmful, injurious, and victimizing behaviors perpetrated by privately or publicly operated businesses, corporations, and organizations as well as the state mediated administrative, legalistic, and political responses to these crimes.

The series draws attention to the commonalities of the theories, practices, and controls of the crimes of the powerful. It focuses on the overlapping spheres and inter-related worlds of a wide array of existing and recently developing areas of social, historical, and behavioral inquiry into the wrongdoings of multinational organizations, nation-states, stateless regimes, illegal networks, financialization, globalization, and securitization.

These examinations of the crimes of the powerful straddle a variety of related disciplines and areas of academic interest, including studies in criminology and criminal justice; law and human rights; conflict, peace, and security; economic change, environmental decay, and global sustainability.

Sustainable Development as Environmental Harm

Rights, Regulation, and Injustice in the Canadian Oil Sands

James Heydon

State Crime and Civil Activism

On the Dialectics of Repression and Resistance

Penny Green and Tony Ward

State Violence, Torture, and Political Prisoners

On the Role Played by Amnesty International in Brazil During the Dictatorship (19641985)

Renata Meirelles

For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/Crimes-of-the-Powerful/book-series/COTP

State Violence, Torture, and Political Prisoners

On the Role Played by Amnesty International in Brazil During the Dictatorship (19641985)

Renata Meirelles

First published 2020

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2020 Renata Meirelles

The right of Renata Meirelles to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record has been requested for this book

ISBN: 978-0-8153-5371-3 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-351-13567-2 (ebk)

Typeset in Bembo

by codeMantra

To Andr and Helena

This book evolved out of a PhD thesis developed at the University of So Paulo. I wish to express my gratefulness to my supervisor, Elizabeth Cancelli, for encouraging my work from the very beginning. During my PhD, I benefited from her challenging and insightful comments.

I want to express my gratitude to Professor Penny Green and Professor Tony Ward, whose work has been a source of inspiration and who provided valuable and critical comments to this book.

I would like to thank my family and friends, who have always encouraged my work. I also wish to thank the support of Tom Sutton at Routledge and their editors dedication to my work.

I am indebted to my colleagues from the Grupo de estudos sobre a Guerra Fria (USP/CNPq) (Cold War Study Group at University of So Paulo): Wanderson Chaves, Jlio Cattai, Gustavo Mesquita, Diego Penholato, Pamela Almeida, Aru Silva de Lima, and Luciana Marta.

I would like to thank Jos Incio Parente for the use of his images to illustrate the book and Marco Oliveira for revising the text.

AI	Amnesty International
AID	Agency for International Development
AIUSA	Amnesty International of USA
ANL	National Liberation Action (Ao Libertadora Nacional)
APESP	Archive of the State of So Paulo (Arquivo Pblico do Estado de So Paulo)
ARENA	National Renewal Alliance (Aliana Renovadora Nacional or ARENA)
BNM	Brazil Never Again (Brasil Nunca Mais)
CAT	Campaign for the Abolition of Torture
CIA	Central Intelligence Agency
CIE	Army Information Centre (Centro de Informaes do Exrcito)
CJP-SP	Commission of Peace and Justice of So Paulo (Comisso Justia e Paz de So Paulo)
CNV	National Truth Commission (Comisso Nacional da Verdade)
DOI-CODI	Information Operations Detachment Centre for Internal Defence Operations (Destacamentos de Operaes de Informaes Centro de Operaes de Defesa Interna)

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