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Tony Wharton - Safety and Justice: How Should Communities Reduce Violence?

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Book:
Safety and Justice: How Should Communities Reduce Violence?
Author:
Tony Wharton
Publisher:
National Issues Forums Institute
Genre:
Books / Politics
Year:
2017
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After falling steadily for decades, the rate of violent crime in the United States rose again in 2015 and 2016. Interactions between citizens and police too often end in violence. People are increasingly worried about safety in their communities.

How should we ensure that Americans of every race and background are treated with respect and fairness? What should we do to ensure that the police have the support they need to fairly enforce the law? To what degree do racial and other forms of bias distort the justice system? What should we do as citizens to help reduce violence of all kinds in our communities and the nation as a whole?

How should communities increase safety while at the same time ensuring justice? This issue guide is a framework for citizens to work through these important questions together. It offers three different options for deliberation, each rooted in different, widely shared concerns and different ways of looking at the problem. The resulting conversation may be difficult, as it will necessarily involve tensions between things people hold deeply valuable, such as a collective sense of security, fair treatment for everyone, and personal freedom. No one option is the correct one; each includes drawbacks and trade-offs that we will have to face if we are to make progress on this issue. They are not the only options available. They are presented as a starting point for deliberation.

About National Issues Forum

The National Issues Forums (NIF) is a network of organizations that brings together citizens around the nation to talk about pressing social and political issues of the day. Thousands of community organizations, including schools, libraries, churches, civic groups, and others, have sponsored forums designed to give people a public voice in the affairs of their communities and their nation. For more information about NIF and for additional publications, see NIFs website at www.nifi.org.

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About This
Issue Guide

The purpose of this issue guide is to help us talk productively about a difficult issue that concerns all of us.

Deliberation

Its not a debate. Its not a contest. Its not even about reaching agreement or seeing eye-to-eye. Its about looking for a shared direction guided by what we most value.

Its about examining the costs and consequences of possible solutions to daunting problems and finding out what we, as a society, would or would not accept as a solution.

A Framework

This guide outlines several alternative ways of looking at the issue, each rooted in a shared concern. It provides strategic facts associated with each approach and suggests the benefits and drawbacks of possible solutions. We engage in deliberation by:

getting beyond the initial positions we hold to our deeper motivationsthat is, the things we most care about, such as safety, freedom, or fairness.

carefully weighing the views of others and recognizing the impact various options would have on what others consider valuable.

working through the conflicting emotions that arise when various options pull and tug on what weand othersconsider valuable.

It is important to remember that, as a group, we are dealing with broader underlying concerns that are not defined by party affiliation and that your work here is to dig down to the things that define us as human beings and Americans rather than as liberals and conservatives.

The research involved in developing the guide included interviews and conversations with Americans from all walks of life, as well as surveys of nonpartisan public opinion research, subject matter scans, and reviews of initial drafts by people involved with organizations ranging from law enforcement groups to groups focused on community-level safety and racial equity.

One Effective Way to Hold a Deliberative Forum*

This is not the only way to hold a forum Some communities hold multiple - photo 3

*This is not the only way to hold a forum. Some communities hold multiple forums.

Ground Rules for a Forum

Before the deliberation begins, it is important for participants to review guidelines for their discussion.

Focus on the options.

All options should be considered fairly.

No one or two individuals should dominate.

Maintain an open and respectful atmosphere.

Everyone is encouraged to participate.

Listen to each other.

Contents

How Should
Communities
Reduce
Violence?

AFTER FALLING STEADILY FOR DECADES the rate of violent crime in the United - photo 4

AFTER FALLING STEADILY FOR DECADES, the rate of violent crime in the United States rose again in 2015 and 2016. Interactions between citizens and police too often end in violence. People are increasingly worried about safety in their communities.

Many Americans are concerned that something is going on with violence in communities, law enforcement, and race that is undermining the national ideals of safety and justice for all.

It is unclear what is driving the recent rise in violence, but bias and distrust on all sides appear to be making the problem worse. Citizens and police need goodwill and cooperation in order to ensure safety and justice. For many people of color, the sense that they are being treated unfairly by law enforcementand even being targeted by policeis palpable. Others say police departments are being blamed for the actions of a few individuals and that the dangers, stress, and violence law enforcement officers face in their work is underestimated. Still others hold that if we cannot find ways to defuse potentially violent interactions between citizens and police, we will never be able to create safe communities in which all people can thrive and feel welcomed and comfortable.

Source: The New York Times, from FBI and local police data

How should communities increase safety while at the same time ensuring justice? This issue guide is a framework for citizens to work through these important questions together. It offers three different options for deliberation, each rooted in different, widely shared concerns and different ways of looking at the problem. The resulting conversation may be difficult, as it will necessarily involve tensions between things people hold deeply valuable, such as a collective sense of security, fair treatment for everyone, and personal freedom. No one option is the correct one; each includes drawbacks and trade-offs that we will have to face if we are to make progress on this issue. They are not the only options available. They are presented as a starting point for deliberation.

THE FIRST OPTION says that our top priority should be finding ways for communities and police to work together to stop violence of all kinds. Most Americans want safer streets and communities. Through neighborhood watch programs and community policing, citizens and police should identify sources of violence and work together to stop it.

THE SECOND OPTION says that only by addressing basic injustices and implicit bias in law enforcement and the courts can safety for all be achieved. Currently, the law is not enforced or applied fairly. From dealing with the ways people of color are treated on the streets to unequal sentencing in the courts, widespread reforms are needed in order to restore trust and reduce violence.

THE THIRD OPTION says that law enforcement officers are asked to handle a range of problems that go well beyond what they should be responsible for and what they were trained for. The police are often the first responders to mental health, domestic, and drug abuse crises that escalate into violence. We should provide more mental illness and substance abuse treatment so there are fewer such episodes. We should commit to the de-escalation of violence, by police and in the larger society.

Source: FBI

Enforce the
Law Together

Expand policing while strengthening
community-police partnerships.

ACCORDING TO THIS OPTION residents and police officers in every community - photo 7

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