Stephanie Beyer - The Social Construction of the US Academic Elite: A Mixed Methods Study of Two Disciplines

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The Social Construction of the US Academic Elite

This book explores the stark stratification and struggles over classifications in US academia from a relational perspective, looking beyond material differences and tracing its roots to symbolic power relations. Based on a mixed methods study drawing on both interview and quantitative data, it offers an account of the workings of academia, shedding light on the structures that permit elite departments to define categories and impose legitimate scientific definitions, to which the non-elite must adhere. With a focus on two scientific disciplines, the author shows how the translation of objective structures into mental structures establishes a relationship of power with regard to the definition of scientific categories, thus determining access to resources and opportunities to participate and move within the academic field. A study of the unequal intrusion of economic logics into the academic domain, this volume will appeal to scholars, policy makers and institutional leaders with interests in higher education, inequality within science, academic careers, power relationships and competition in the academy.

Stephanie Beyer is a postdoctoral researcher at the Leibniz Center for Science and Society, Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany.

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The Social Construction of the US Academic Elite

A Mixed Methods Study of Two Disciplines

Stephanie Beyer

First published 2022

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2022 Stephanie Beyer

The right of Stephanie Beyer to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record has been requested for this book

ISBN: 9780367568566 (hbk)

ISBN: 9780367568580 (pbk)

ISBN: 9781003099697 (ebk)

DOI: 10.4324/9781003099697

Typeset in Times New Roman

by MPS Limited, Dehradun

For My Father

Contents

List of figures

List of tables

Acknowledgements

Foreword by Richard Mnch

Introduction

The stratification and economization of academia

A relational approach to the social

The reconstruction of two US academic fields

Tracing trajectories

Structured narratives

Conclusion

End Matter

Index

2.1 Sequential mixed-methods design: methodology and steps of field analysis

3.1 US field of sociology (plotted departments and variables, mca)

3.2 Departmental position-takings: areas of specialization, sociology

3.3 Hierarchical cluster plot, sociology

3.4 US field of chemistry (plotted departments and variables, mca)

3.5 Departmental position-takings: areas of specialization and further passive variables, chemistry

3.6 Hierarchical cluster plot, chemistry

4.1 Sequence index plot, 2 positions, sociology, N = 736

4.2 Parallel coordinates plot, 2 positions, sociology

4.3 Sequence index plot, 5 positions, sociology, N = 736

4.4 Parallel coordinates plot, 5 positions, sociology

4.5 Sequence index plot, 2 positions, chemistry, N = 1718

4.6 Parallel coordinates plot, 2 positions, chemistry

3.1 Variables included to the field analyses

3.2 Variances and modified rates of the first three dimensions, sociology

3.3 Correlation of variables and axes (eta2), sociology

3.4 Active variables: absolute and relative frequencies, principal coordinates and contributions, sociology

3.5 Variances and modified rates of the first three dimensions, chemistry

3.6 Correlation of variables and axes (eta2), chemistry

3.7 Active variables: absolute and relative frequencies, principal coordinates and contributions, chemistry

4.1 Cluster affiliation of current sociology full professors

4.2 Sequence patterns of current US sociology full professors (N = 736), 2 positions

4.3 Cluster heritage by current cluster affiliation, sociology

4.4 Sequence patterns by cohorts, sociology (absolute and relative numbers by column)

4.5 Most frequent sequence patterns for US sociology (5 positions)

4.6 Cluster affiliation of US chemistry full professors

4.7 Sequence patterns for US chemistry full professors (N = 1718), 2 positions

4.8 Cluster heritage by current cluster affiliation, chemistry

4.9 Sequence patterns by cohorts, chemistry

5.1 Overview of conducted interviews by cluster affiliation

5.2 Interview guide

A.1 Top 10 general and top 10 applied journals in chemistry (sorted by impact factor)

A.2 Coordinates, absolute and relative frequencies of passive variables (departmental areas of expertise/position-takings in the field of sociology, N = 86)

A.3 Statistics for the description of typical characteristics for the three clusters (sociology)

A.4 Coordinates, absolute and relative frequencies of passive variables (departmental areas of expertise/position-takings in the field of chemistry)

A.5 Statistics for the description of typical characteristics of the three clusters (chemistry)

I could not have undertaken, let alone completed, the writing of this book without the help, support, and encouragement of many other individuals. I would like to give special thanks to Richard Mnch who at every stage ensured the highest levels of autonomy for his ceaseless support and input, and to Gerhard Schulze, who not only taught me the fundamentals of empirical social research but the sociological perspective per se. Moreover, I would like to express my thanks to Thomas Kern, who provided me with a second home. I would also like to thank, in particular, Brigitte Mnzel, who not only was always ready with a positive word but also greatly improved the wording of the first version.

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