Roger Hadley - Social Welfare and the Failure of the State

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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: WELFARE AND THE STATE

Volume 6

SOCIAL WELFARE AND THE FAILURE OF THE STATE

SOCIAL WELFARE AND THE FAILURE OF THE STATE

Centralised Social Services and Participatory Alternatives

ROGER HADLEY AND STEPHEN HATCH

First published in 1981 by George Allen & Unwin Ltd

This edition first published in 2019
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1981 Roger Hadley and Stephen Hatch

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-138-61373-7 (Set)
ISBN: 978-0-429-45813-2 (Set) (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-61118-4 (Volume 6) (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-46539-0 (Volume 6) (ebk)

Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.

Social Welfare and the Failure of the State

Centralised Social Services and Participatory Alternatives

ROGER HADLEY

STEPHEN HATCH

First published in 1981

This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. All rights are reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1956, no part of this publication may be reproduoed, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN LTD
40 Museum Street, London WC1A 1LU

Roger Hadley and Stephen Hatch, 1981

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Hadley, Roger

Social welfare and the failure of the state.

1. Public welfare Great Britain History

I. Title II. Hatch, Stephen

361.941 HV245

ISBN 0-04-361049-8

ISBN 0-04-361050-l Pbk

Contents

Our decision to write this book was made in 1978. We had recently contributed to the Wolfenden Report, The Future of Voluntary Organisations, Roger Hadley as a member of the Wolfenden Committee and Stephen Hatch as its research officer, and we felt it was important to develop some of the ideas raised by the committee. In particular it was our view that the committee had not taken far enough its critique of the way social policy had evolved since the war, nor had it blazoned an alternative vision of the future.

Our belief in the need for a reappraisal of the role of the state in social welfare has been reinforced by changes that have taken place since 1978. These have brought the country to an intellectual bankruptcy such that the main argument about policies for the 1980s is between protagonists of the policies of the 1920s and protagonists of the policies of the 1940s. This book has been written in the hope that it will help to steer political debate on to new ground.

The Joseph Rowntree Memorial Trust has played a crucial if unwitting role in the conception of the book, first by establishing the Committee on the Future of Voluntary Organisations and subsequently by making possible the formation of the Voluntary Organisations Research Unit. We are grateful to the trust, and also to Morag McGrath, Roger Sherrott and Paul Wilding for their comments on the drafts: none of them, however, bears any responsibility for the final product. In the typing of the manuscript we have been helped by a number of people, among whom we owe a special debt to Ruby Bendall and Wendy Hopfl.

ROGER HADLEY

STEPHEN HATCH

During the past two decades discussion of social policy in Britain has been dominated by the assumption that the state should occupy the central place in the provision of social services. The character of this discussion has owed much to the influence of one man, Richard Titmuss, and his followers. Titmuss, who was professor of social administration at the London School of Economics from 1951 to 1973, had a profound mistrust of the market and placed powerful emphasis in his writing on the use of the state to redistribute resources in favour of equality. The state, he argued, should play a strongly integrative role, in particular compensating for the adverse effects of social and economic change. While not suggesting that the policies advocated by Titmuss have found universal acceptance, few of the large number of professionals who have entered the social services in recent years can have been immune to the intellectual climate he did so much to create.

Between 1961 and 1976 the proportion of the growing gross national product absorbed by public expenditure on the social services rose from 17 per cent to 28 per cent. Titmusss doctrines served to legitimate this extension of the activities of the state. But this has not meant that the goals implied by these doctrines have actually been achieved. Certainly the extent of inequality has remained obstinately immune to more than marginal alteration. Arguments about the integrative function of statutory services were given a new dimension as, towards the end of his life, Titmuss in

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