Steven Gish - Ethiopia

Published in 2017 by Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC

243 5th Avenue, Suite 136, New York, NY 10016

Copyright 2017 by Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC

Third Edition

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Gish, Steven, 1963- | Thay, Winnie. | Latif, Zawiah Abdul. | Nevins, Debbie.

Title: Ethiopia / Steven Gish, Winnie Thay, Zawiah Abdul Latif; Debbie Nevins.

Other titles: Cultures of the world (3rd ed.)

Description: [Third edition]. | New York : Cavendish Square Publishing, 2017. | Series: Cultures of the world | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016030325 (print) | LCCN 2016030945 (ebook) | ISBN 9781502622099 (library bound) | ISBN 9781502622112 (e-book)

Subjects: LCSH: Ethiopia--Juvenile literature.

Classification: LCC DT373 .G57 2017 (print) | LCC DT373 (ebook) | DDC 963--dc22

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016030325

Writers: Steven Gish, Winnie Thay, Zawiah Abdul Latif; Debbie Nevins, third edition

Editorial Director, third edition: David McNamara

Editor, third edition: Debbie Nevins

Associate Art Director, third edition: Amy Greenan

Designer, third edition: Jessica Nevins

Production Coordinator, third edition: Karol Szymczuk

Cover Picture Researcher: Angela Siegel

Picture Researcher, third edition: Jessica Nevins

PICTURE CREDITS

The photographs in this book are used with the permission of: Christophe Boisvieux/Getty Images, cover; Anton_Ivanov/ Shutterstock.com , 1; milosk50/ Shutterstock.com , 3; Anton_Ivanov/ Shutterstock.com , 5; Aleksandra H. Kossowska/ Shutterstock.com , 6; Hassan Isilow/Anadolu Agency/ Getty Images, 8; Sarine Arslanian/ Shutterstock.com , 9; Peteri/ Shutterstock.com , 10; Ondrej Vavra/ Shutterstock.com , 12; urosr/ Shutterstock.com , 14; Tomas Kotouc/ Shutterstock.com , 17; Dereje/ Shutterstock.com , 18; Rafal Cichawa/ Shutterstock.com , 19; George Steinmetz/Corbis Documentary/Getty Images, 20; SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images, 22 Tim Bewer/Lonely Planet Images/Getty Images, 23; I, Ondrej vcek/File:Rome Stele.jpg/Wikimedia Commons, 25; Chris Hellier/Corbis/Getty Images, 27; Keystone-France/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images, 28; Skilla1st/File:EritreanEthiopian War Map 1998.png/Wikimedia Commons, 30; Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images, 32; Anton_Ivanov/ Shutterstock.com , 34; Minasse Wondimu Hailu/ Anadolu Agency/Getty Images, 36; Orhan Karsli/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images, 37; Minasse Wondimu Hailu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images, 38; Minasse Wondimu Hailu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images, 40; PEDRO UGARTE/AFP/Getty Images, 42; Kjeld Friis/ Shutterstock.com , 44; demidoff/ Shutterstock.com , 46; Fabio Lamanna/ Shutterstock.com , 47; Vlad Karavaev/ Shutterstock.com , 48; Minasse Wondimu Hailu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images, 50; alfotokunst/ Shutterstock.com , 52; ArCaLu/ Shutterstock.com , 53; Martchan/ Shutterstock.com , 55; GTW/imageBROKER/Getty Images, 57; Alberto Loyo/ Shutterstock.com , 58; Alberto Loyo/ Shutterstock.com , 59; Hector Conesa/ Shutterstock.com , 62; Ariadne Van Zandbergen/Lonely Planet Images/Getty Images, 64; demidoff/ Shutterstock.com , 68; Anton_Ivanov/ Shutterstock.com , 70; Philippe Lissac/GODONG/Photononstop/ Getty Images, 72; Mariusz Kluzniak /Moment/Getty Images, 74; demidoff/ Shutterstock.com , 76; Mariusz Kluzniak/Moment/Getty Images, 80; Martin Gray/National Geographic/Getty Images, 81; Dereje/ Shutterstock.com , 82; Minasse Wondimu Hailu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images, 84; Frances Linzee Gordon/Lonely Planet Images/Getty Images, 85; Keystone-France/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images, 88; Tom Cockrem/Photolibrary/Getty Images, 90; Guenter Guni/E+/Getty Images, 93; Olivier Cirendini/Lonely Planet Images/Getty Images, 94; Anton_Ivanov/ Shutterstock.com , 96; Bruno Barbier/robertharding/Getty Images, 101; Nick Fox/ Shutterstock.com , 103; Clive Chilvers/ Shutterstock.com , 104; Dereje/ Shutterstock.com , 106; John Wollwerth/ Shutterstock.com , 107; Martchan/ Shutterstock.com , 108; Vlad Karavaev/ Shutterstock.com , 109; Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images, 110; Dietmar Temps/ Shutterstock.com , 112; SIMON MAINA/AFP/Getty Images, 114; Minasse Wondimu Hailu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images, 116; Dereje/ Shutterstock.com , 117; Anton_Ivanov/ Shutterstock.com , 119; rweisswald/ Shutterstock.com , 122; bonchan/ Shutterstock.com , 123; Anton_Ivanov/ Shutterstock.com , 124; Paul_Brighton/ Shutterstock.com , 126; aleksandr hunta/ Shutterstock.com , 127; Eran Yardeni/Shutterstock. com, 128; Fanfo/ Shutterstock.com , 130; Paul_Brighton/ Shutterstock.com , 131; Mr. Alien/ Shutterstock.com , 137.

PRECEDING PAGE

A young man from Ethiopia.

Printed in the United States of America

ETHIOPIA TODAY

E THIOPIA IS A UNIQUE AND EXTRAORDINARY PLACE. ITS A LAND of ancient mysteries, dramatic scenery, surprising revelations, and curious contradictions. The name Ethiopia derives from the Greek aithiopia, meaning land of the burned [dark-skinned] faces. The ancient Greeks used this term to refer to all places south of Egypt, which was, to them, the outer edge of the known world. Ethiopia is mentioned several times in Homers The Iliad and The Odyssey. The region is also referred to in the Bible; however the Hebrews called it Kush (or Cush). The Ethiopia of much earlier times was not bound by the same borders as todays country. In ancient texts, Nubia, Kush, and Ethiopia were kingdoms in the part of Africa that today encompasses southern Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, and Ethiopia.

Some people interpret a biblical passage in Genesis as suggesting that the Garden of Eden was located in Ethiopia. Although many religious scholars disagree with that interpretation, the claim that human life began in Ethiopia is, from a scientific point of view, surprisingly accurate. Archaeologists have unearthed fossils of the earliest known members of the human family, dating back more than two million years, in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia. In that sense, Ethiopia has the oldest human history in the world.

The Blue Nile Falls are one of Ethiopias best-known tourist attractions.

Indeed, the word oldest applies to many things about Ethiopia. Its the oldest independent nation in Africa, governed until 1974 by one of the worlds oldest monarchies. It is one of the oldest Christian nations in the world, the Kingdom of Axum being possibly the first country to officially adopt Christianity as the state religion. It was in Ethiopia that three important crops originatedcoffee, grain sorghum, and the castor bean. Ethiopia is also an origin point in geographical terms. Its the source of the Blue Nile, a river that meets the White Nile in Sudan to create the Nile, one of the greatest waterways on earth.