First published in 1985 by Croom Helm Ltd
This edition first published in 2021
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1985 Michael Harloe
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ISBN: 978-0-367-68010-7 (Volume 8) (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-00-313384-1 (Volume 8) (ebk)
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1985 Michael Harloe
Croom Helm Ltd, Provident House, Burrell Row,
Beckenham, Kent BR3 1 AT
Croom Helm Australia Pty Ltd, First Floor,
139 King Street, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Harloe, Michael
Private rented housing in the United
States and Europe.
1. Rental housing
I. Title
363.58 HD7288.8
ISBN 0-7099-3714-8
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Biddies Ltd, Guildford and Kings Lynn
CONTENTS
List of Tables
List of Figures
Acknowledgements
Introduction
2. THE NATIONAL BACKGROUND TO PRIVATE RENTING
Population and Patterns of Urbanisation
Economic Development
Political and Administrative Systems
Structure of the Housing Market
The Recent Development of the Housing Market
Conclusion
3. A PROFILE OF THE PRIVATE RENTED SECTOR I - THE STOCK
The Size of the Tenure and Some Sub-Divisions
Location and Type of Housing
Age, Size and Quality of the Stock
Rents
Production of New Private Rented Housing
Conclusion
4. A PROFILE OF THE PRIVATE RENTED SECTOR II - TENANTS, LANDLORDS AND ACCESS
Tenants - Household Type, Age and Occupancy
Tenants - Incomes and Socio-Economic Composition
Landlords
Access to Private Lettings
Conclusion
5. RENTS AND RENT POLICY
Rent Controls from 1939
The Movement Towards Liberalisation and Harmonisation
The Situation in the Late Seventies and and the Operation of Controls
The Effects of Controls and the Profitability of Rented Housing
Conclusion
6. SUBSIDIES AND TAXATION
Construction Subsidies
Housing Allowances
Taxation
Conclusion
7. URBAN RENEWAL AND IMPROVEMENT
Post War Trends in the Quality of the Private Rented Stock
Urban Renewal and Improvement Policies
Conclusion
8. LANDLORD/TENANT RELATIONS
Security of Tenure
Other Matters
Neighbourhood Organisations and the Private Rented Sector
Conclusion
9. THE FUTURE OF THE PRIVATE RENTED SECTOR
The Decline of Private Renting
Future Prospects
The End of Private Renting?
APPENDIX
The Organisation of the Study
BIBLIOGRAPHY
2.1 Growth of Per Capita GDP and Disposable Incomes
3.1 Private Rented Housing by Location
3.2 Type of Property-Private Rented Sector
3.3 Age of the Private Rented Stock
3.4 Indicators of Amenities in Private Rented Housing
4.1 Household Size-Main Tenures
4.2 Age of Head of Household-Main Tenures
4.3 Gross Household Income Distribution-Rented Tenures and all Housing
6.1 Sources of New Loans for Housing - France 1964-1976
6.2 Comparison of s207 and s236 FHA/HUD Programmes 1972
3.1 Output of New Private Rented Units as a Proportion of all New Units
FOR KATHERINE
The research on which this book is based was initially funded by the British Department of the Environment and later by the Nuffield Foundation. The support of these bodies and the assistance of their officials is gratefully acknowledged.
Dr. Christine Whitehead acted as economic consultant during the early stages of the project. She provided much valuable advice on all aspects of the project and particular assistance with the work on French private rented housing. The research depended greatly for its success on the contribution made by several consultants which is described elsewhere in this book. They were Professor Emanuel Tobier (New York University), Lars stergaard (Boligministeriet, Copenhagen), Jan van der Schaar with the assistance of Professor Hugo Priemus (Technische Hogeschool, Delft), Christian Topalov (Centre de Sociologie Urbaine, Paris), and Eberhard Mhlich (Institut fr Wohnen und Umwelt, Darmstadt). In addition, Professor Peter Marcuse (Columbia University) provided considerable additional help with the analysis of rental housing in the USA. I have benefitted greatly from the discussions and collaboration with Peter Marcuse and Eberhard Muhlich on housing matters over the last seven years. They both continue to be associated with the research which this book partially reports on.
Thanks are also due to the many individuals and organisations which were interviewed or provided information in other ways during the course of the research (they are listed in an appendix), to the Library staff of the University of Essex and to Professors David Donnison and Della Nevitt who gave advice and encouragement during the early stages of the work when the project was based at the Centre for Environmental Studies, London. Finally I owe a debt of gratitude to my secretary Carole Allington and her colleagues Mary Girling and Linda George who deciphered my typing and - even worse - my handwriting with remarkable patience at a time when the university cuts were placing an increasingly intolerable burden of work upon them.
None of these people are of course responsible for the analysis presented in this book nor for any factual inaccuracies it contains. The latter in particular are never entirely absent from large scale empirically based studies, their frequency increases when six sets of data and information have to be absorbed.
