INEQUALITY, CRIME, AND HEALTH
AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN
MALES
RESEARCH IN RACE AND ETHNIC
RELATIONS
Series Editors: Marino Bruce and Donald Cunnigen
Recent Volumes:
Volume 10: | The Black Intellectuals Edited by Rutledge M. Dennis |
Volume 11: | The Sociology of Oliver C. Cox Edited by Herbert Hunter |
Volume 12: | Marginality, Power and Social Structure Edited by Rutledge M. Dennis |
Volume 13: | The Racial Politics of Booker T. Washington Edited by Donald Cunnigen, Rutledge M. Dennis and Myrtle Gonza Glascoe |
Volume 14: | The New Black: Alternative Paradigms and Strategies for the 21st Century Edited by Rodney D. Coates and Rutledge M. Dennis |
Volume 15: | Biculturalism, Self Identity and Societal Transformation Edited by Rutledge M. Dennis |
Volume 16: | Race in the Age of Obama Edited by Marino A. Bruce and Donald Cunnigen |
Volume 17: | Hispanic Migration and Urban Development: Studies from Washington DC Edited by Enrique S. Pumar |
Volume 18: | 21st Century Urban Race Politics: Representing Minorities as Universal Interests Edited by Ravi K. Perry |
Volume 19: | Race in the Age of Obama: Part 2 Edited by Donald Cunnigen and Marino A. Bruce |
RESEARCH IN RACE AND ETHNIC RELATIONS
VOLUME 20
INEQUALITY, CRIME, AND
HEALTH AMONG AFRICAN
AMERICAN MALES
EDITED BY
MARINO A. BRUCE
Vanderbilt University, USA
DARNELL F. HAWKINS
University of Illinois, USA
Emerald Publishing Limited
Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK
First edition 2019
Copyright 2019 Emerald Publishing Limited
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-78635-052-7 (Print)
ISBN: 978-1-78635-051-0 (Online)
ISBN: 978-1-78714-889-5 (Epub)
ISSN: 0195-7449 (Series)
CONTENTS
Marino A. Bruce and Darnell F. Hawkins
Kathryn M. Nowotny
Pamela Valera, Robert Joseph Taylor and Linda M. Chatters
Loren Henderson
Joanna Tegnerowicz
Alex E. Crosby and Shane P. D. Jack
Christine Martin
Jennifer A. Hartfield, Derek M. Griffith and Marino A. Bruce
Keon L. Gilbert, Rashawn Ray, W. Carson Byrd, Joseph B. Richards and Odis Johnson, Jr.
Louwanda Evans and Charity Clay
Michael Oshiro and Pamela Valera
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Marino A. Bruce | Vanderbilt University, USA |
W. Carson Byrd | University of Louisville, USA |
Linda M. Chatters | University of Michigan, USA |
Charity Clay | Xavier University of Louisiana, USA |
Alex E. Crosby | National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, USA |
Louwanda Evans | Millsaps College, USA |
Keon L. Gilbert | Saint Louis University, USA |
Derek M. Griffith | Vanderbilt University, USA |
Jennifer A. Hartfield | Vanderbilt University, USA |
Darnell F. Hawkins | University of Illinois, USA |
Loren Henderson | University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA |
Shane P. D. Jack | National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, USA |
Odis Johnson, Jr. | Washington University, USA |
Robert Joseph Taylor | University of Michigan, USA |
Christine Martin | Independent Researcher, USA |
Kathryn M. Nowotny | University of Miami, USA |
Michael Oshiro | Columbia University, USA |
Rashawn Ray | University of Maryland, USA |
Joseph B. Richards | University of Maryland, USA |
Joanna Tegnerowicz | Independent Researcher (Formerly University of Wroclaw, Poland) |
Pamela Valera | Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA |
INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME 20
Marino A. Bruce and Darnell F. Hawkins
I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me. Like the bodiless heads you see sometimes in circus sideshows, it is as though I have been surrounded by mirrors of hard, distorting glass. When they approach me they see only my surroundings, themselves or figments of their imagination, indeed, everything and anything except me.
Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man (1952)
This powerful opening statement from Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man summarizes the challenges of being an African American male in the United States. This extraordinary piece of literature was published in 1952; yet, a large segment of African American men continues to witness and experience the pain and confusion that come with the challenge of being identified as having African ancestry and a Y chromosome. More than six decades later, modern telecommunication devices, traditional mass media, and social media have begun to provide the world a glimpse of how African American males have become all too frequent victims of police or vigilante killings. These same sources have shown how they are feared and disdained by ordinary American citizens in public places like restaurants (Duke, 1993; Stewart, 2018), sidewalks (Baker, Goodman, & Mueller, 2015), and parks (Ali, 2017). Although such targeting is said to be a response to high rates of crime among black males, it has much deeper roots. These are roots that are deeply embedded in the nations long history of systemic racism.