Harald Kleinschmidt - Migration, Regional Integration and Human Security

MIGRATION, REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND HUMAN SECURITY

Research in Migration and Ethnic Relations Series

Series Editor:
Maykel Verkuyten, ERCOMER Utrecht University

The Research in Migration and Ethnic Relations series has been at the forefront of research in the field for ten years. The series has built an international reputation for cutting edge theoretical work, for comparative research especially on Europe and for nationally-based studies with broader relevance to international issues. Published in association with the European Research Centre on Migration and Ethnic Relations (ERCOMER), Utrecht University, it draws contributions from the best international scholars in the field, offering an interdisciplinary perspective on some of the key issues of the contemporary world.

Other titles in the series

East to West Migration: Russian Migrants in Western Europe
Helen Kopnina
0 7546 4170 8

Moving Lives: Narratives of Nation and Migration among Europeans in Post-War Britain
Kathy Burrell
0 7546 4574 6

Globalizing Migration Regimes: New Challenges to Transnational Cooperation
Kristof Tamas and Joakim Palme
0 7546 4692 0

First published 2006 by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge
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Copyright Harald Kleinschmidt 2006

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

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Harald Kleinschmidt has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editor of this work.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Migration, regional integration and human security : the
formation and maintenance of transnational spaces.
(Research in migration and ethnic relations series)
1.Emigration and immigration 2.Emigration and immigration
Government policy 3.International economic integration
Social aspects
I.Kleinschmidt, Harald, 1949
304.8'2

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Migration, regional integration and human security : the formation and maintenance of Transnational spaces / edited by Harald Kleinschmidt.
p. cm. -- (Research in migration and ethnic relations series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7546-4646-7
1. Emigration an immigration--Government policy. 2. Regionalism. I. Kleinschmidt, Harald, 1949- II. Series

JV6271.M54 2006
325--dc22

2006000110

ISBN 9780754646464(hbk)
ISBN 9781138259256(pbk)

Leslie E. Bauzon: Professor of History at the University of the Philippines and currently Visiting Professor of Areas Studies (Southeast Asia) at the University of Tsukuba, Japan.

Andreas Bltte: Political Scientist, Doctoral Candidate at the University of Erfurt, Germany.

Salvatore Ciriacono: Professor of History at the University of Padua, Italy.

Reinhard Drifte: Professor of Political Science at the University of Newcastle, UK.

Henning Eichberg: Professor of Sociology at the University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.

Wolfgang Hein: Professor of Political Science at the University of Hamburg and fellow of the German Overseas Research Institute at Hamburg, Germany.

Dietmar Herz: Professor of Political Science and Vice-President of Erfurt University, Germany.

Harald Kleinschmidt: Professor of History at the Universities of Tsukuba and of Tokyo, Japan.

Keiji Maegawa: Professor of Anthropology at the University of Tsukuba, Japan. Motoko Shuto: Professor of Political Science at the University of Tsukuba, Japan.

Kazu Takahashi: Professor of Political Science at Yamagata University, Japan.

Eimi Watanabe: culminated her long career with the UNs Childrens Fund (UNICEF) as Assistant Secretary General and Director, Development Policy Bureau in the UNDP, and now lives in Denmark and writes and lectures occasionally on development issues.

Harald Kleinschmidt

Migrants connect. They make borders threadbare. They operate in or even establish spaces in geographical, social, political, economic and cultural respects. If migrants cross international borders, they create transnational spaces and their activities trigger responses from and impact on the policies of institutions of governance of sovereign states, supranational and international institutions and as well as civil society groups. Yet the formulation and implementation of migration policies has most commonly been vested in the decision-making institutions of sovereign states for two-hundred or so years. This has been so although transnational migration, by its very nature, is a border-crossing process and cannot, therefore, be dealt with unilaterally within the confines of only one state. In fact, some of the transnational spaces within which migrants have operated or which they established have existed for a long time, joining together several states or other types of polities. But regional institutions or transnational regimes have rarely been involved in the formulation and implementation of migration policies. Currently, most regional integration and cooperation schemes are only gradually including migration into their agendas or, in the case of the European Union (EU), develop their migration policies along the traditional, regressive lines of national states. There are only three international organizations and institutions dealing with migration, namely the United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees (UNHCR), the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). There appears to be a clash of perceptions between migrants on the one side and, on the other, law-makers, political decision-makers and administrators in charge of and theorists reflecting on migration. Whereas the latter have looked at migration from the point of view of government, many transnational migrants have been agents of regionalism, if not of globalization, not necessarily by intention but through manifest action.

The conflict between transnational migrants actions and state government policies poses a number of difficult questions. What can the migration policy of an institution of governance consist in? What are the goals that any migration policy can be designed to accomplish? What are the factors that can stimulate the making of a migration policy? What are the consequences of success or failure of a migration policy? What are the intellectual tools necessary for the making and the execution of a migration policy and how do these tools relate to the execution and evaluation of the success or failure of a migration policy?