Thomas R Bailey - Immigrant And Native Workers

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Immigrant and Native Workers

Conservation of Human Resources Studies in the New Economy

Immigrant and Native Workers: Contrasts and Competition, Thomas R. Bailey

Technology and Employment: Concepts and Clarifications, Eli Ginz-berg, Thierry J. Noyelle, and Thomas M. Stanback, Jr.

Beyond Industrial Dualism: Market and Job Segmentation in the New Economy, Thierry J. Noyelle

Computerization and the Transformation of Employment: Government, Hospitals, and Universities, Thomas M. Stanback, Jr.

Immigrant and Native Workers

Contrasts and Competition

Thomas R. Bailey

First published 1987 by Westview Press, Inc.

Published 2021 by Routledge
605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright1987byConservation of Human Resources, Columbia University

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bailey, Thomas Raymond.
Immigrant and native workers.
(Conservation of Human Resources studies in the new economy)
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Alien laborUnited States. 2. Minorities EmploymentUnited States. I. Title. II. Series. HD808 1.A5B35 1987 331.6'2'0973 86-28205
ISBN 0-8133-7349-2

ISBN 13: 978-0-3670-1385-1 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-3671-6372-3 (pbk)

DOI: 10.4324/9780429043710

For Carmenza

Contents

1. 2 Immigrant Workers and the Immigration Process
   1. The Restaurant Industry
   2. Full-Service Restaurants
   3. Immigrant Workers and the Immigration Process
   4. Notes
2. 3 Immigrant Owners
   1. The Immigrant Sector
   2. Advantages for Immigrants Working in the Sector
   3. Advantages for Owners
   4. The Origins of Immigrant Entrepreneurship
   5. The Garment Industry
   6. Notes
3. 4 Weak Labor Force Attachment and Low-Skilled Natives
   1. The Fast-Food Sector
   2. The Intermediate Sector
   3. The Retail Food Industry
   4. Contrasting Employment Systems
   5. Notes
4. 5 Immigrants and Native Youth and Women
   1. The Labor Supply of Teenagers, Young Adults, and Women
   2. The Impact of Immigration
   3. Notes
5. 6 Formal and Informal Labor Market Processes: Native-born Black Men
   1. The Restaurant Industry
   2. The Construction Industry
   3. Notes
6. 7 Immigrants and Black Men
   1. The Impact of Immigration
   2. The Restaurant Industry
   3. The Garment Industry
   4. The Construction Industry
   5. The General Impact
   6. Notes
7. 8 The Impact of Legal Status
   1. Market Wages
   2. Enforcement of the Minimum Wage
   3. Unionization
   4. Employer Knowledge of Legal Status
   5. Conclusions
   6. Notes
8. 9 Conclusion
   1. Immigration Policy
   2. Notes

1. 2 Immigrant Workers and the Immigration Process
   1. The Restaurant Industry
   2. Full-Service Restaurants
   3. Immigrant Workers and the Immigration Process
   4. Notes
2. 3 Immigrant Owners
   1. The Immigrant Sector
   2. Advantages for Immigrants Working in the Sector
   3. Advantages for Owners
   4. The Origins of Immigrant Entrepreneurship
   5. The Garment Industry
   6. Notes
3. 4 Weak Labor Force Attachment and Low-Skilled Natives
   1. The Fast-Food Sector
   2. The Intermediate Sector
   3. The Retail Food Industry
   4. Contrasting Employment Systems
   5. Notes
4. 5 Immigrants and Native Youth and Women
   1. The Labor Supply of Teenagers, Young Adults, and Women
   2. The Impact of Immigration
   3. Notes
5. 6 Formal and Informal Labor Market Processes: Native-born Black Men
   1. The Restaurant Industry
   2. The Construction Industry
   3. Notes
6. 7 Immigrants and Black Men
   1. The Impact of Immigration
   2. The Restaurant Industry
   3. The Garment Industry
   4. The Construction Industry
   5. The General Impact
   6. Notes
7. 8 The Impact of Legal Status
   1. Market Wages
   2. Enforcement of the Minimum Wage
   3. Unionization
   4. Employer Knowledge of Legal Status
   5. Conclusions
   6. Notes
8. 9 Conclusion
   1. Immigration Policy
   2. Notes

Guide

1. 3.1 Restaurants surveyed, by price range and nativity of owner, New York City, 1981
2. 3.2 Size distribution, U.S. eating and drinking places, 1982
3. 4.1 Share of refreshment-place sales in sales of eating places, United States and New York SMSA, selected years, 1958-1982
4. 4.2 Employee characteristics in sample of chain restaurant outlets in Manhattan, New York, 1981
5. 6.1 Percentage distribution of native-born black and immigrant males in the restaurant industry, by occupation, New York City, 1980
6. 6.2 Percentage distribution of native-born black and immigrant males in the restaurant industry, by class of worker, New York City, 1980
7. 6.3 New York SMSA employment accounted for by eating and drinking places for all employed male and black male workers, selected years, 1950-1980
8. 6.4 Black representation in the construction industry, New York City and the United States, 1970 and 1980
9. 7.1 Representation of demographic groups in the construction industry, New York City, 1970 and 1980
10. 8.1 Wage rates and compliance ratios for Hispanic restaurant and garment workers, Los Angeles County, 1979

As chair of federal employment and training commissions for twenty years, I presided at only one meeting that was out of control from beginning to end: a meeting to explore changes in U.S. immigration policy affecting the temporary admission of foreign workers into the country. What I learned that day was that "immigration and employment" issues are unlike many other issues in the public arena: They elicit intensely charged emotional and intellectual attitudes, arguments, and advice.

In this book, Dr. Thomas R. Bailey deals with issues in this contentious arena: What is the impact of both legal and illegal immigrants on the labor market experiences of vulnerable native groups, such as youth, women, and black men, who look for jobs in the same restaurant, clothing, and construction industries in which many immigrants seek to make their way?

The outstanding contribution of Bailey's work is its disciplined approach in which emotions and generalizations are muted in favor of sophisticated analysis, the skillful use of empirical data, and focused case studies. In an arena in which strong views often crowd out careful analysis, Bailey stresses the latter and disregards the former. He provides a penetrating analysis of how immigrants and native workers with limited skills find jobs and advance occupationally. What can be learned from this analysis?

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