Inward Looking
ROMANI STUDIES
Edited by Sam Beck, Cornell University
In the course of the twenty-first century, Europe has become aware that the Roma are its largest minority, with an estimated population of eleven million people. As a result, Romani Studies has emerged as an interdisciplinary field that offers perspectives derived from the humanities and social sciences in the context of state and transnational institutions. One of its aims is to remove the stigma surrounding Roma scholarship, to engage with the controversies regarding Roma identity and, in this way, counter anti-Roma racism.
Volume 2
INWARD LOOKING: THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION ON ROMANIPE FROM THE ROMANI PERSPECTIVE
Aleksandar G. Marinov
Volume 1
ROMA ACTIVISM: REIMAGINING POWER AND KNOWLEDGE
Edited by Sam Beck and Ana Ivasiuc
INWARD LOOKING
The Impact of Migration on Romanipe from the Romani Perspective
Aleksandar G. Marinov
First published in 2020 by
Berghahn Books
www.berghahnbooks.com
2020 Aleksandar G. Marinov
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A C.I.P. cataloging record is available from the Library of Congress
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Control Number:
2019030415
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-1-78920-361-5 hardback
ISBN 978-1-78920-362-2 ebook
To my children Gheorghi and Constance
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the name of God, the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful. First of all, I owe all my thanks and appreciation to God, the Almighty, for gracing me with His countless blessings. I would like to thank my parents Georgi Marinov and Krasimira Trunkova for raising me just the way they did, and mostly for nourishing in my heart a love towards our Romani culture and identity. Being around my whole family and kin has always been at the centre of my life, and it is hard to describe their tender and nurturing feelings and ways, which are best taught unsaid.
I thank the Roma I have come across over the course of my research for their eagerness to speak out, to embrace me and for their readiness to help one of their own with the hope that the achievement of my research will make them proud. In Montana, I would like to thank my relatives there, and especially my uncle Valeri Belov, my aunt Shekere and my cousin Hari Belov, for their assistance. Equally, Ivo Ivanov from Stara Zagora, even though having only met me for the first time, proved to be more than my insider or gatekeeper in the mahalas (concentrated Romani quarters) there, and has my most sincere appreciation. Thank you for proving to me the importance of solidarity, and the love and support that exists between us Roma!
I am also very grateful for the support I have received from Dr Sergei Shubin, Dr Keith Halfacree, Professor Heaven Crawley, Professor Dave Clarke and Professor Marcus Doel. Their immense knowledge and theoretical understanding have inspired and challenged me towards a never-ending search for new theories and knowledge. Indeed, the support, advice and shared expertise of Professor Elena Marushiakova and Professor Veselin Popov have been truly cherished, and it is impossible to describe the extent of my appreciation for all they have done for me as a student, scholar and a human being. I give special thanks also to Dr Tomasz Kamusella for his example, and for always urging me to do the right thing. Thank you to Dilson Afonso and Reza Kordani for being there for me anytime I needed them and for being and staying my true friends over the years. I will also be forever indebted to Thor Ekevall for his help and great heart.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my siblings Georgi, Kostadin, Krasimir, Mariika and Kostadin Marinovs I love you; the thousands of kilometres that separate us cannot affect the closeness of our hearts. And since, as the saying goes, next to each (successful) man, there must be a (smarter and even more successful) woman, then I would have to give my due indebtedness, and deep love to my wife Zara-Noelle Joseph the person behind the scenes who has managed to magically stir me and direct me, as if invisibly, towards the right direction whenever I was about to lose the plot. She proved to be the most sober and smartest of them all. Thank you!
INTRODUCTION
Parties and celebrations in England [far from the Romani community] are a means to unclog (unplug), to get rid of the negative energy; while here in Bulgaria, in a Romani gathering, your heart is filled; your soul becomes one with the soul of the others. There is a circle of a love and re-filling with love [which is being passed around] to the other. It is being filled by the love of the [one next to you]; that makes one common circle; that is the good thing about the Gypsy gatherings there is so much sharing of love, everything is very pure and genuine, and people celebrate with their hearts.
Informant 5, male, age late 30s, Sofia1
Preface and Positionality
The above quote epitomises the way I feel each time I am surrounded by my close and extended family. This sentiment perfectly encapsulates the reasons why I am always eager to be in their company. As a Romani migrant myself, I too have felt the differences between home and abroad echoed here. My own experiences have made me passionate about the discussion of Romani migration from the Romani perspective, and the consequences of it.
If there must be a beginning, then I should say I owe this work to my father the person who sent me abroad for the first time, albeit against my will (because that is the way in our family). It was in November 2001, just after I had graduated from my English Language School in Sofia, the place where I was born and raised. At the time of my departure, there were tears and heavy sentimental feelings from both my family and myself, despite the fact that only a short two-hour flight separated Sofia from Bremen, Germany however, I have been ever thankful to my father for his foresight.
Since my early experiences of living abroad, I have encountered many different peoples, cultures and ideas. I always have the sense that, with each new one, I receive a new taste of life, and I discover and rediscover different aspects of my own identity, which has resulted in countless personal changes and transformations both profound and trivial.