William H. Taft - Encyclopedia of Twentieth Century Journalists

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Routledge Library Editions: Journalism

Volume 12

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY JOURNALISTS

Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Journalists

William H. Taft

First published in 1986

This edition first published in 2016

by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1986 William H. Taft

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-138-80197-4 (Set)
ISBN: 978-1-315-68235-8 (Set) (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-92631-8 (Volume 12) (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-68246-4 (Volume 12) (ebk)

Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY JOURNALISTS

William H. Taft

Garland Publishing, Inc.
New York & London
1986

1986 William H. Taft
All rights reserved

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Taft, William H. (William Howard), 19I5-0ct. 24
Encyclopedia of twentieth-century journalists.
(Garland reference library of the humanities; vol. 493)
1. Journalists-United States-Biography-Dictionaries.
I. Title. II. Title: Encyclopedia of 20th-century journalists.
III. Series: Garland reference library of the humanities;
v. 493
PN4871.T34 1986 070'.92'2 [B] 84-480II
ISBN 0-8240-8961-8 (alk. paper)

Cover design by Alison Lew

Printed on acid-free 250-year-life paper
Manufactured in the United States of America

To my wife, Myrtle

Contents

Americans have regularly been intrigued by the messengers with the news, whether they are seen in the movies, viewed on television, heard over the radio, or read about in newspapers and magazines.

In the nineteenth century, when the newspaper was the supreme source of information for the masses, the editors were popular personalities. The New York Tribune was "Greeley's newspaper," and the eccentric editor's name was well known throughout the nation. And it was as "Bennett's paper" that the New York Herald, the most successful publication of its time, was frequently referred to. Later we had "Pulitzer's paper" and "Hearst's paper," and people in the New York area knew exactly which paper was which.

Years later there was a change of attitude, and reporters, newspaper editors, and others associated with handling the news were relegated to the background. It was the message we wanted, not the messenger. Few reporters were given bylines for their articles. For many decades neither Time nor Newsweek let the public know who prepared the material mil lions of Americans read weekly. Today, however, both the writers and the researchers on these magazines are acknowledged at the ends of the articles.

When radio came along, a few announcers were prominent; some programs became exceedingly popular. Each Sunday evening, for example, millions of Americans turned their radio dial to Walter Winchell's "Jergen's Journal," on which they heard inside gossip about what their heroes and other famous people were doing or what was happening to them. With his rapid delivery, Winchell gave the impression that you were there with him, experiencing the news as it occurred.

During World War II radio became the basic source for on-the-scene coverage of the battlefront. The Edward R. Murrows were the new breed of information reporters.

With the arrival of television, the news announcers, and eventually the commentators and panelists, became well known to millions. Often, news leaders moved into other areas of the media world: a columnist, for example, might appear on a panel show.

More recently the syndication of the columnists, political cartoonists, and comic artists who provide material that so many Americans enjoy has brought them even greater public awareness. Under the syndicate operation more than a thousand newspapers carry Jack Anderson's comments each day, making him known to vast numbers of newspaper readers. "Beetle Bailey," "Blondie," "Dear Ann," and "Dear Abby" are other leading features in the nation's newspapers.

Created by Charles Schulz, the cartoon "Peanuts," with Charlie Brown and his friends, is popular with individuals from all age groups. Appearing in more than two thousand newspapers daily, the "Peanuts" characters have spawned books, toys, television shows, and stage shows and been brought before the public in many other ways.

Throughout our country's history, individuals have searched out others to honor, to pay homage to, to read and to hear about. And it has been the primary objective of the mass media to provide such information-in the press, over the air, and through pictures. We hope that at no time will we lose interest in what others are doing. It is, after all, history in the making.

With that in mind, let us take a closer look at this collection of personalities in the media world.

Every encyclopedia that provides biographical sketches will create considerable debate on why some individuals were included and why other individuals were not included.

How was this collection assembled? First, a time limit was necessary to restrict the size of the volume and so the post-World War II period has received the greatest emphasis. The majority of the persons included here are alive and working in the media world; however, a significant number of individuals who have died since World War II but who made major contributions to this field are included. A small number who died earlier are included because they played major roles in the media scene and often set the stage for others' later successes.

Next came the specific categories within the broad spectrum of the all-encompassing term "media." It was easier to eliminate some large groups first, with the hope that later volumes will focus on their contributions. Into this group fell advertising, public relations, management, and a broad group of the "behind-the-scene" operators, executives, and producers.

It is obvious that not every editor, publisher, photographer, bureau chief, columnist, commentator, cartoonist, or artist could be profiled. Inclusion was based upon significance of achievement as well as reputation.

Some book authors are included, but mainly those who started their careers in media, and their books have been listed. Often media personalities can sell books on their names alone. Much of their writing reflects on their involvement in national issues and events and often utilizes inside information to clear up obscure situations or to increase our knowledge of such incidents. Watergate is a prime example.

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