ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS:
LEISURE STUDIES
Volume 3
EXPLORING SPORT AND LEISURE DISASTERS
EXPLORING SPORT AND LEISURE DISASTERS
A Socio-Legal Perspective
HAZEL J. HARTLEY
First published in 2001 by Cavendish Publishing Limited
This edition first published in 2019
by Routledge
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2001 Hartley, H.
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ISBN: 978-0-367-11036-9 (Set)
ISBN: 978-0-429-24268-7 (Set) (ebk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-13733-5 (Volume 3) (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-02834-2 (Volume 3) (ebk)
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EXPLORING SPORT AND LEISURE DISASTERS: A SOCIO-LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
EXPLORING SPORT AND LEISURE DISASTERS: A SOCIO-LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
Hazel J Hartley,
First published in Great Britain 2001 by Cavendish Publishing Limited, The Glass House, Wharton Street, London WC1X 9PX, United Kingdom
Telephone: +44 (0)20 7278 8000 Facsimile: +44 (0)20 7278 8080
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Hartley, H 2001
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Hartley, Hazel
Exploring sport and leisure disasters: a socio-legal perspective
1 Disasters law and legislation Great Britain
2 Disasters social aspects Great Britain
I Title
344.4'1'0534
ISBN 1 85941 650 0
Printed and bound in Great Britain
This book is dedicated to the survivors and bereaved of Disaster Action UK and all those who work with them towards legal reform and improvements in the safety of workers and the public.
This critical book could not be better timed. Many years of tenacious research by Hazel Hartley have produced definitive and perceptive case studies of the two sport and leisure disasters, Hillsborough and Marchioness, which occurred within months of each other in 1989. Some of the material is uncomfortable and troubling. She has concluded with no less than 60 recommendations which future government reviews and possible legislative reform are unlikely to ignore.
Hazels primary research reveals the inadequacy and weakness in pre and post-disaster law. This book states the urgent case for long term and systematic overhaul. It was not until 11 years after the event that the Government ordered a public inquiry in fact it then ordered two into Marchioness, which mirrored significant issues on coroners raised in this research. The welcome recent review called for by the Minister for Health Alan Milburn on the law of consent and treatment of the deceased and the coronial system will find this book relevant and helpful.
The long term build up to a disaster, the sloppy institutionalised practices (Scraton et al, 1995) are where concentration should be directed. In practice it is so easy and tempting in seeking immediate and quick answers to look at the last person in the chain, the tired signal worker or the person who for example dropped the cigarette at Bradford City in 1985. Hazels research and understanding takes a broad view of the whole social, political, legal and philosophical context without losing the tragic human reality.
I first met Hazel at a British Association for Sport and Law conference at Lincolns Inn in 1996 on the vexed issues of consent, involuntary manslaughter and sport. She made then a telling contribution to the debate with the Law Commissions Stephen Silber QC and has since written three articles on legal and social aspects of Hillsborough and Marchioness in sport and law journals. This book brings together her thorough primary research for the benefit not just of sports lawyers but also of all who seek a better way of bringing justice and a safer environment.
Charles Woodhouse cvo
President, British Association for Sport and Law (1997-2000)
Chairman, Sport Dispute Resolution Panel
Legal Adviser, Central Council of Physical Recreation (1971-1998)
Honorary Legal Adviser, Commonwealth Games Council for England
17 August 2001
I began this research over ten years ago, part-time, shortly after the Hillsborough and Marchioness disasters. I chose these two disasters because they both involved young people in leisure and sport contexts, where my work in law is applied with students and professionals. In addition, I thought these disasters might share the same legal, political and economic contexts. A wide range of post-disaster, legal processes was ongoing throughout the research for this book and I apologise for the broad-brush treatment of such complex issues and processes, within the constraints of this text.
This is not a black letter law or case law text. Using the aims and structure, which I have outlined in the introduction, I have attempted to take a multi-disciplinary, socio-legal approach to this area of disaster law, drawing on sociology and critical criminology. Socio-legal study partly seeks to understand the social, economic and political processes that bring about law and shape its form and content... (Hutter, 1999, p 4). Since this involved setting the scene with a range of contemporary legal issues relevant to creeping and sudden disasters, I ask for the readers patience in what seems like a