Paul R. Kavieff - The Life and Times of Lepke Buchalter. Americas Most Ruthless Labor Racketeer

Chapter 1

Burton B. Turkus and Sid Feder, Murder Inc.: The Story of the Syndicate (New York: Farrar, Straus and Young, 1951), 331.

Meyer Berger, Lepke: The Shy Boss of Murder Inc. Awaits Death in the Electric Chair, Life magazine, February 28, 1944, 86-87.

Albert Fried, The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Gangster in America (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980), 129.

Lepke Receives New Sentence of 30 Years to Life, New York World-Telegram, April 6, 1940.

F.B.I. File no. 60-1501-980, Memorandum to the Director dated 1-28-38.

The People of the State of New York v. Lepke et al, 2103-2124.

Jenna Weissman Joselit, Our Gang: Jewish Crime and the New York Jewish Community 1900-1940 (Bloomington, Ind.: University of Indiana Press, 1987), 122.

Berger, Life, 1944, 87.

Lepke Receives New Sentence of 30 Years to Life, New York World-Telegram, April 6, 1940.

Fried, The Rise and Fall, 130.

How Lepke Became a Racket Czar, by Frank Doyle and William Falvey, New York Daily Mirror, April 27, 1940.

Fried, The Rise and Fall, 131.

Gurrah Shapiro Dies While Doing Life Term, New York Daily Mirror, June 10, 1947.

Leo Katcher, The Big Bankroll: The Life and Times of Arnold Rothstein (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1958, 1959), 283.

Berger, Life, February 28, 1944.

Turkus and Feder, Murder Inc., 321.

Lepke a Gang Leader Who Liked His Privacy, by Foster Hailey, New York Times, V 10:1, August 13, 1939.

Berger, Life, February 28, 1944, 87.

F.B.I. File no. 601501-980: Memorandum to the Director dated 1-28-38. Background and activities of Louis Buchalter with aliases, 56.

Turkus and Feder, Murder Inc., 331.

Fried, The Rise and Fall, 131-32.

Chapter 2

Louis Adamic, Racketeers and Organized Labor, Harpers Magazine, Vol. 161, 1930.

Eric Partridge, A Dictionary of the Underworld (New York: Macmillan Co., 1950), 551-52.

Union Men Indicted in Gang Roundup, New York Times, Aug. 10, 1915.

Hyman E. Goldin, ed., Dictionary of American Underworld Lingo (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1950), 173.

Joselit, Our Gang, 106-107.

Virgil W Peterson, The Mob: Two Hundred Years of Organized Crime in New York (Ottawa, Ill.: Greenhill Publishers, 1983), 109-13.

Joselit, Our Gang, 106-7.

Barbara Warne Newell, Chicago and the Labor Movement: Metropolitan Unionism in the 1930s (Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1961), 79.

Harold Seidman, The Labor Czars: A History of Labor Racketeering (New York: Liveright Publishing Corp., 1938), 45.

Tammanys Control of New York by Professional Criminals, McClures Magazine, Vol. 33; June 1909, 123.

Katcher, The Big Bankroll, 276.

Rich Cohen, Tough Jews: Fathers, Sons and Gangster Dreams (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998), 81.

Monk Eastman and Coan Get Laws Limit, New York Times, April 20, 1904.

Herbert Asbury, The Gangs of New York: An Informal History of the Underworld (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1927), 286-7.

Fried, The Rise and Fall, 30-35.

Robert A. Rockaway, But He Was Good to His Mother: The Lives and Crimes of Jewish Gangsters (Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House, 1993), 102.

Fried, The Rise and Fall, 32-33.

Katcher, The Big Bankroll, 276-77.

Andy Logan, Against the Evidence: The Becker-Rosenthal Affair (New York: McCall Publishing, 1970), 170-71.

Joselit, Our Gang, 107-8.

Using Gangs in Labors Wars, Literary Digest, Vol. 50, 1260, May 29, 1915.

Joselit, Our Gang, 106-7.

Fried, The Rise and Fall, 32-36.

The Gangster Business, New York Times, May 16, 1915.

Cornelius Willemse, Behind the Green Lights (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1931), 290.

Joselit, Our Gang, 108.

Joselit, Our Gang, 108-10.

Union Men Indicted in Gang Roundup, New York Times, August 10, 1915.

Willemse, Behind the Green Lights, 290.

Herbert Asbury, The Passing of the Gangster, American Mercury, Vol. 4, March 1925, 360.

Joselit, Our Gang, 108-10.

Asbury, The Passing of the Gangster, 311.

Morris Markey, Gangs, Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 141, 296-305, March 1928.

Asbury, The Passing of the Gangster, 361.

Joselit, Our Gang, 112.

Fried, Rise and Fall, 82-85.

Union Men, He Says Killed Liebowitz, New York Times, September 25, 1915.

7 Labor Leaders Face Murder Jury, New York Times, September 24, 1915.

Morris Hillquit, Loose Leaves from a Busy Life (New York: Macmillan Co., 1934), 138-40.

Bury Little Augie, Today Under Guard, New York Times, October 17, 1927.

Chapter 3

Michael Stern, Exposing New Yorks Racket Kings No. 2Lepke and Gurrah, True Detective Mysteries, Vol. 29, October 1937, 38.

Craig Thompson and Raymond Allen, Gang Rule in New York: The Story of a Lawless Era (New York: Dial Press, 1940), 228.

Jay Robert Nash, World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime (New York: Paragon House, 1992), 314-15.

J. Robert Kelly, Encyclopedia of Organized Crime in the United States: From Capones Chicago to the New Urban Underworld (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2000), 234.

William Helmer, with Rick Mattix, Public Enemies: Americas Criminal Past 1919-1940 (New York: Check Mark Books, 1998), 36, 41, 81.

Stern, Exposing, 38-39.

Markey, Gangs, 296-305.

Asbury, The Gangs of New York, 264, 369-370.

Gang Leader Slain at Courthouse Door as Police Guard Him, New York Times, August 29, 1923.

Asbury, The Gangs of New York, 369-70.

Willemse, Behind the Green Lights, 317-18.

Stern, Exposing, 37.

Michael Stern, The Inside Story of the 25,000 Dollar Dead or Alive Lepke Hunt, True Detective Mysteries, 1939.

Asbury, The Gangs of New York, 370.

Fear New Gang War to Avenge Dropper, New York Times, August 30, 1923.

Nash, 134-35.

Gang Leader Slain at Courthouse Door as Police Guard Him, New York Times, August 29, 1923.

Asbury, The Gangs of New York, 370-375.

New York Times, August 29, 1923.

Asbury, The Gangs of New York, 370-375.

Stern, The Inside Story, 119.

Dropper Is Buried; His Slayer Indicted, New York Times, August 31, 1923.

Arraign 3 as Gangsters, New York Times, Sept. 6, 1923.

Thompson and Allen, Gang Rule, 252.

Fried, The Rise and Fall, 136.

Thompson and Allen, Gang Rule, 227.

Fried, The Rise and Fall, 136-37.

Thompson and Allen, Gang Rule, 230-31.

Joselit, Our Gang, 118-20.

Seidman, The Labor Czars, 118-19.

Fried, The Rise and Fall, 138.

Joselit, Our Gang, 115-20.

Fried, The Rise and Fall, 140-41.

Thompson and Allen, Gang Rule, 233-35.

Katcher, The Big Bankroll, 284.

Fried, The Rise and Fall, 140-41.

Thompson and Allen, Gang Rule, 233-35.

Gangsters Give Up in Killing, New York Times, Oct. 20, 1927.

Peterson, The Mob: Two Hundred Years