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Leon Sloman - Subordination and Defeat: An Evolutionary Approach To Mood Disorders and Their Therapy

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Most people now accept that human beings are the product of millions of years of mammalian evolution and, more recently, primate evolution. This landmark book explores the implications of our evolutionary history for theories and therapies of depression. In particular, the focus is on how social conflict has shaped various behavioral and psychophysiological systems. Special attention is given to the evolved mechanisms for dealing with social defeat and subordination in both animals and humans. By linking human depression to the activation of ancient psychobiological programs for dealing with social conflict, one is able to understand the function of depression within groups, family systems, and between individuals and begin to distinguish depressions that may have adaptive functions from those that are the result of maladaptive feedback systems. Although many acknowledge the need for an integrated, biopsychosocial theory of psychopathology, there continue to be great divisions among social, psychological, and biological approaches. Sloman and Gilbert have brought together leading scientists and clinicians representing different disciplines and schools to present a provocative new evolutionary model of depression. This model illuminates old problems in new ways, links a common disabling condition to evolved mental mechanisms, and points to potential new approaches to prevention and intervention. The book will be of compelling interest to all those who study or treat mood disorders.

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title Subordination and Defeat An Evolutionary Approach to Mood - photo 1

title:Subordination and Defeat : An Evolutionary Approach to Mood Disorders and Their Therapy
author:Sloman, Leon.
publisher:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
isbn10 | asin:080583298X
print isbn13:9780805832983
ebook isbn13:9780585323312
language:English
subjectAffective disorders, Depression, Mental.
publication date:2000
lcc:RC537.S89 2000eb
ddc:616.85/27
subject:Affective disorders, Depression, Mental.
Page iii
Subordination and Defeat
An Evolutionary Approach to Mood Disorders and Their Therapy
Edited by
Leon Sloman
Centre for Drug Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto
Paul Gilbert
Kingsway Hospital, Derby, UK
Page iv Copyright 2000 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc All rights - photo 2
Page iv
Copyright 2000 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written permission of the publisher.
Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers
10 Industrial Avenue
Mahwah, NJ 07430
Cover design by Gary Hasey

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Subordination and defeat: an evolutionary approach to mood disorders
and their therapy / edited by Leon Sloman, Paul Gilbert.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8058-3298-X
1. Affective disorders. 2. Depression, Mental. I. Sloman, Leon.
II. Gilbert, Paul.
RC537 .S89 2000
616.85'27dc21 99-046620
CIP
Books published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates are printed on acid-free paper, and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability.
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Page v
CONTENTS
Preface
vii
Introduction
ix
Part I: Subordination Strategies and Depression
1
Varieties of Submissive Behavior As Forms of Social Defense: Their Evolution and Role in Depression
Paul Gilbert
3
2
How the Involuntary Defeat Strategy Relates to Depression
Leon Sloman
47
Part II: Biological Correlates of Subordination and Depression
3
Dysthymic Disorder, Regulation-Dysregulation Theory, CNS Blood Flow, and CNS Metabolism
Michael McGuire, Fawzy Fawzy, James Spar, and Alfonso Troisi
71
4
Major Depression and the Involuntary Defeat Strategy: Biological Correlates
Robert D. Levitan, Gary Hasey, and Leon Sloman
95
Part III: Psychosocial Dimensions of the Involuntary Defeat Strategy
5
The Involuntary Defeat Strategy and Discrete Emotions Theory
Glenn E. Weisfeld and Craig A. Wendorf
121

Page vi
6
Social Comparison Processes among Depressed Individuals: Evidence for the Evolutionary Perspective On Involuntary Subordinate Strategies?
Bram P Buunk and Veerle Brenninkmeyer
147
7
Subordination, Self-Esteem, and Depression
John Price
165
Part IV: Psychotherapeutic Approaches
8
A Cognitive Behavioral Perspective On the Involuntary Defeat Strategy
Stephen R. Swallow
181
9
Social Competition and Attachment
Leon Slornan and Leslie Atkinson
199
10
Concluding Comments
Leon Sloman and Paul Gilbert
215
Author Index
219
Subject Index
235

Page vii
PREFACE
Most people now accept that huan beings are the product of millions of years of mammalian evolution and, more recently, primate evolution. This book explores the implications of our evolutionary history for theories and therapies of depression. In particular, the focus is on how social conflict has shaped various behavioral and psychophysiological systems. Special attention is given to the evolved mechanisms for dealing with social defeat and subordination in both animals and humans. By linking human depression to the activation of ancient psychobiological progaras for deling with social conflict, we are able to understand the function of depression within groups, family systems, and between individuals and begin to distinguish depressions that may have adaptive functions from those that are the result of maladaptive feedback systems. We hope this book will help illuminate old problems in new ways, link a common disabling condition to evolved mental mechanisms, and point to potential new approaches to prevention and intervention.
Acknowledgments
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