Merson Michael H. - Global health : diseases, programs, systems, and policies

About the Authors

Michael H. Merson, MD is the Wolfgang Joklik Professor of Global Health at Duke University and the founding Director of the Duke Global Health Institute and Vice Chancellor for DukeNational University of Singapore Affairs. He has held leadership positions at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the International Center for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh, served as Director of the World Health Organizations Diarrheal and Acute Respiratory Control Programs and Global Program on AIDS, and was the first Dean of Public Health at Yale University. Dr. Mersons research and writings have been primarily on the etiology of diarrheal diseases in low- and middle-income countries and on HIV prevention and policy. He has served as an advisor to UNAIDS, the World Bank, and a number of other international organizations and advisory bodies; is an elected member of the U.S. Institute of Medicine; and has received two honorary degrees and the U.S. Surgeon Generals Exemplary Service Medal.

Robert E. Black, MD, MPH is the Edgar Berman Professor and Chair of the Department of International Health and Director of the Institute for International Programs of the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, Maryland. As a member of the U.S. Institute of Medicine and advisory bodies of the World Health Organization, the International Vaccine Institute, and other international organizations, he assists with the development of programs and policies intended to improve child health and nutrition. Dr. Black currently chairs the WHO/ UNICEF Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group and the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative. He has more than 500 scientific journal publications derived from his international research. Dr. Black received the Programme for Global Paediatric Research Award for Outstanding Contributions to Global Child Health in 2010, the Prince Mahidol Award in Public Health in 2010, and the Canada Gairdner Global Health Award in 2011.

Anne J. Mills, MA, DHSA, PhD is Professor of Health Economics and Policy at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Head of its Faculty of Public Health and Policy. She has nearly 40 years of experience with the health systems of low- and middle-income countries, and has researched and published widely in the fields of health economics and health systems. Dr. Mills has also had extensive involvement in supporting capacity development in health economics in universities and research institutes. She has advised multilateral, bilateral, and government agencies on numerous occasions; was a member of WHOs Commission on Macroeconomics and Health; and co-chaired Working Group 1 of the 2009 High Level Taskforce on Innovative International Financing for Health Systems. She has been awarded a CBE, is an elected member of the U.S. Institute of Medicine and Fellow of the U.K. Academy of Medical Sciences, and received the Prince Mahidol Award in Medicine in 2009.

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the technical and editorial assistance of Aisha Jafri and Caroline Hope Griffith.

Acronyms

ACC/SCN Administrative Committee on Coordination/Subcommittee on Nutrition (United Nations)

ACF Action Contre la Faim

ACT artemisinin-based combination therapy

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ALRI acute lower respiratory infection

AMC advanced market commitment

ANC antenatal care

ARI acute respiratory infection

ARV antiretroviral therapy

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

AZT zidovudine

BBC British Broadcasting Corporation

BCG bacillus Calmette-Gurin (vaccine)

BMI body mass index

CBH community-based health

CBHI community-based health insurance

CCM country coordination mechanism

CCMD Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders

CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CDR case disability ratio

CE complex emergency

CFR case fatality ratio

CHD coronary artery disease

CHE complex humanitarian emergency

CHeSS Country Health Systems Surveillance

CHW community health worker

CMD common mental disorder

CMR crude mortality rate

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CRA comparative risk assessment

CSO civil society organization

CSR corporate social responsibility

CVD cardiovascular disease

CVI Childhood Vaccine Initiative

DALE disability-adjusted life expectancy

DALY disability-adjusted life year

DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

DFID Department for International Development (United Kingdom)

DFLE disability-free life expectancy

DHS demographic and health survey

DOTS directly observed treatment, short course

DPSEEA driving force-pressure-state-exposure-effect-action

DPT diptheria, pertussis, tetanus vaccine

DRC Democratic Republic of Congo

DSM-IVDiagnostic Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, Fourth Edition

DSS Demographic Surveillance Site

ECOSOC Economic and Social Council

EHRA environmental health risk assessment

EIA environmental impact assessment

EMRO Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (WHO)

EPI Expanded Program on Immunization

EPIDOS European Patent Information and Documentation Systems

ERA environmental risk assessment

ERAP Epilepsy Rapid Assessment Procedures

ERHI employment-related health insurance

ERR economic rate of return

ETEC enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

ETS environmental tobacco smoke

EU European Union

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

FCTC Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration

FDI foreign direct investment

G20 Group of 20

G8 Group of Eight

GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations

GBD Global Burden of Disease

GBS Global Burden of Disease Studies

GDP gross domestic product

GFATM Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund)

GHI global health initiative

GNI gross national income

GNP gross national product

GOARN Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network

GOBI growth monitoring, oral rehydration, breastfeeding, and immunization

GYTS Global Youth Tobacco Survey

HALE health-adjusted life expectancy

HeaLY healthy life years

HIA Health Impact Assessment

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

HMO health maintenance organization

HPV human papillomavirus

HR human resources

IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer

IAVI International AIDS Vaccine Initiative

ICCC Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions

ICDInternational Classification of Diseases

ICD-10International Classification of Diseases-Tenth Revision

ICF International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

ICIDH International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps

ICPD International Conference on Population Development