About CROP
CROP, the Comparative Research Programme on Poverty, is a response from the academic community to the problems of poverty. The programme was initiated in 1992, and the CROP Secretariat was officially opened in June 1993 by the Director General of UNESCO, Dr Federico Mayor.
In recent years, poverty alleviation, poverty reduction and the eradication of poverty have moved up the international agenda, with poverty eradication now defined as the greatest global challenge facing the world today. In cooperation with its sponsors, the International Social Science Council (ISSC) and the University of Bergen (UiB), CROP works in collaboration with knowledge networks, institutions and scholars to establish independent, alternative and critical poverty research in order to help shape policies for long-term poverty prevention and eradication.
The CROP network comprises scholars engaged in poverty-related research across a variety of academic disciplines. Researchers from more than a hundred different countries are represented in the network, which is coordinated by the CROP Secretariat at the University of Bergen, Norway.
The CROP series on International Studies in Poverty Research presents expert research and essential analyses of different aspects of poverty worldwide. By promoting a fuller understanding of the nature, extent, depth, distribution, trends, causes and effects of poverty, this series will contribute to knowledge concerning the reduction and eradication of poverty at global, regional, national and local levels.
For more information contact:
CROP Secretariat
PO Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, NORWAY
Phone: +47 55 58 97 44
Email: crop@uib.no
Visiting address: Jekteviksbakken 31
www.crop.org
Series editors
Juliana Martnez Franzoni, associate professor of political science, University of Costa Rica
Thomas Pogge, Leitner professor of philosophy and international affairs, Yale University
CROP INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN POVERTY RESEARCH
Published by Zed Books in association with CROP
David Gordon and Paul Spicker (eds), The International Glossary on Poverty , 1999
Francis Wilson, Nazneen Kanji and Einar Braathen (eds), Poverty Reduction: What Role for the State in Todays Globalized Economy? , 2001
Willem van Genugten and Camilo Perez-Bustillo (eds), The Poverty of Rights: Human Rights and the Eradication of Poverty , 2001
Else yen et al. (eds), Best Practices in Poverty Reduction: An Analytical Framework , 2002
Lucy Williams, Asbjrn Kjnstad and Peter Robson (eds), Law and Poverty: The Legal System and Poverty Reduction , 2003
Elisa P. Reis and Mick Moore (eds), Elite Perceptions of Poverty and Inequality , 2005
Robyn Eversole, John-Andrew McNeish and Alberto D. Cimadamore (eds), Indigenous Peoples and Poverty: An International Perspective , 2005
Lucy Williams (ed.), International Poverty Law: An Emerging Discourse , 2006
Maria Petmesidou and Christos Papatheodorou (eds), Poverty and Social Deprivation in the Mediterranean , 2006
Paul Spicker, Sonia Alvarez Leguizamn and David Gordon (eds), Poverty: An International Glossary , 2nd edn, 2007
Santosh Mehrotra and Enrique Delamonica, Eliminating Human Poverty: Macroeconomic and Social Policies for Equitable Growth , 2007
David Hemson, Kassim Kulindwa, Haakon Lein and Adolfo Mascarenhas (eds), Poverty and Water: Explorations of the Reciprocal Relationship , 2008
Ronaldo Munck, Narathius Asingwire, Honor Fagan and Consolata Kabonesa (eds), Water and Development: Good Governance after Neoliberalism , 2015
Abraar Karan and Geeta Sodhi (eds), Protecting the Health of the Poor: Social Movements in the South , 2015
Forthcoming titles
Alberto D. Cimadamore, Gro Therese Lie, Maurice B. Mittelmark and Fungisai P. Gwanzura Ottemller (eds), Development and Sustainability Science: The Challenge of Social Change , 2016
Einar Braathen, Julian May and Gemma Wright (eds), Poverty and Inequality in Middle Income Countries: Policy Achievements, Political Obstacles , 2016
Julio Boltvinik and Susan Archer Mann (eds), Peasant Poverty and Persistence , 2016
POVERTY AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
A CRITICAL LOOK FORWARD
edited by Alberto D. Cimadamore, Gabriele Koehler and Thomas Pogge
Poverty and the Millennium Development Goals: A Critical Look Forward was first published in 2016 by Zed Books Ltd, The Foundry, 17 Oval Way,
London SE11 5RR, UK.
www.zedbooks.co.uk
Copyright CROP 2016
The right of CROP to be identified as the organization of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.
Typeset in Plantin and Kievit by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon
Index: Rohan Bolton
Cover designed by www.kikamiller.com
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Zed Books Ltd.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-78360-619-1 hb
ISBN 978-1-78360-618-4 pb
ISBN 978-1-78360-620-7 pdf
ISBN 978-1-78360-621-4 epub
ISBN 978-1-78360-622-1 mobi
CONTENTS
Figures
Proportion of people living on less than $1.25 a day, 1990 and 2010 |
Number of poor in selected countries and regions, 19902011 |
Number of people living on less than $1.25/day |
Prevalence of chronic undernourishment in the world, 19902012 |
Number of chronically undernourished in the world, 19902012 |
Prevalence of chronic undernourishment in developing countries, 19902012 |
Number of chronically undernourished in developing countries, 19902012 |
Prevalence of chronic undernourishment in developing countries by region, 19902012 |
The changing distribution of hunger in the world: numbers and shares of undernourished peoples by region, 199092 and 201416 |
Millennium Development Goals |
Estimates of poverty according to different concepts, methodologies and data calculation sources, Brazil, 2009/10 |
Evolution of extreme monetary poverty, Brazil, 19812009 |
Evolution of the extreme poverty monetary gap, Brazil, 19812009 |
Evolution of the income appropriation of the poorest 10 per cent, Brazil, 19812009 |
Concentration of exports |
Structure of exports, Latin America and Caribbean since 1980 |
Growth rates of world trade and world GDP |
Net private capital flows to developing countries |
Medium-term employment impact of crises in Turkey |
Growth of GDP and investment volatility among developing countries, 19712000 |
Evolution of Ultra Extreme Poverty incidence in Mexico and MDG1 |
Evolution of UEP in Mexico (national, urban and rural) |
Evolution of UEP in rural settlements with $1.08 and $1.25 PPP UEP lines |