Six Moments of Crisis
Harold Wilson contemplates the burdens of premiership, 1964
Six Moments of Crisis
Inside British Foreign Policy
GILL BENNETT
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX 2 6 DP ,
United Kingdom
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Gill Bennett 2013
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First Edition published in 2013
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
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ISBN 9780199583751
Printed in Great Britain by
Clays Ltd, St Ives plc
Events take place everywhere but the crux
is at the centre.
Han Fei: Chinese philosopher, c.280233 BC
(The Art of Attainment, trans. Tony Blishen)
Acknowledgements
A great many people have helped me in the writing of this book, either by discussing the issues with me or by commenting on specific chapters. I cannot name them all, but I am most grateful. In particular, I would like to thank Professor Christopher Andrew, Dr Christopher Baxter, Jim Daly, Lord Hennessy of Nympsfield, Professor Keith Jeffery, Professor Roger Morgan, Sir David Manning, Sir David Omand, Professor George Peden, Constance Regnier, Professor Patrick Salmon, Professor David Stafford, Sir Stephen Wall, and Mrs Heather Yasamee for their advice, friendship, and support. I am grateful to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Historians, and to the Official Histories team within the Cabinet Office Knowledge and Information Management Unit, for facilities and help, and to the staff of The National Archives and Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge. I could not have done any of it without my agent, Bill Hamilton of A. M. Heath, while my editor, Matthew Cotton, has been unfailingly supportive. Finally, to my two sons, Henry and Dominic, and to those of my friends who have put up with me while I have been writing this book, many thanks.
Contents
List of Illustrations
Abbreviations
BAOR | British Army of the Rhine |
CAS | Chief of the Air Staff |
CDS | Chief of the Defence Staff (from 1958) |
CENTO | Central Treaty Organization (formerly the Baghdad Pact) |
CIA | Central Intelligence Agency, US overseas intelligence organization |
CIGS/CGS | Chief of the Imperial General Staff/Chief of the General Staff (after 1963) |
CNS | Chief of the Naval Staff |
CSCE | Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe |
DTI | Department of Trade and Industry |
EEC | European Economic Community |
EFTA | European Free Trade Association |
FBI/CBI | Federation of British Industry/Confederation of British Industry (from 1965) |
FO/FCO | Foreign Office/Foreign and Commonwealth Office (after 1968) |
FRG | Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) |
GCHQ | Government Communications Headquarters |
GDR | German Democratic Republic (East Germany) |
GRU | Glavnoye Razvedyvatelnoye Upravleniye, Soviet military intelligence |
IMF | International Monetary Fund |
IRA | Irish Republican Army |
JIC | Joint Intelligence Committee |
KGB | Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopastnosti, Soviet security and intelligence service |
MI5 | Security Service, Britains domestic intelligence organization |
MI6 | Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), Britains overseas intelligence organization |
MOD | Ministry of Defence |
NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
NFU | National Farmers Union |
OEEC | Organization for European Economic Cooperation |
PUS | Permanent Under-Secretary |
SDP | Social Democratic Party |
SEATO | South East Asia Treaty Organization |
SIS | Secret Intelligence Service |
TUC | Trades Union Congress |
UN | United Nations Organization |
UNSC | United Nations Security Council |
US | United States of America |
USSR | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
WEU | Western European Union |
Clement Attlee (18831967)
Lord Privy Seal, 19402
Secretary of State for the Dominions, 19423
Lord President of the Council, 19435
Deputy Prime Minister, 19425
Prime Minister, 194551, Minister of Defence, 19456
Aneurin Bevan (18971960)
Minister of Health, 194551
Minister of Labour and National Service, 1951
Ernest Bevin (18811951)
Minister of Labour and National Service, 19405
Foreign Secretary, 194551
Lord Privy Seal, 1951
George Brown (191485)
Parliamentary Private Secretary to Minister of Labour and National Service, 19457, and to Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1947
Joint Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, 194751
Minister of Works, 1951
First Secretary of State and Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, 19646
Foreign Secretary, 19668
R. A. Butler (190282)
Parliamentary Under-Secretary, Foreign Office, 193841
President of the Board of Education, 19414
Minister of Education, 19445
Minister of Labour and National Service, 1945
Chancellor of the Exchequer, 19515
Lord Privy Seal, 19559
Home Secretary, 195762
First Secretary of State and Deputy Prime Minister, 19623
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