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(Biblical leader) Moses - Did Moses exist? : the myth of the Israelite lawgiver

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The biblical figure of Moses has been the center of fascination for over 2,000 years, but what do we actually know about him? Was he a real person? Did the Exodus truly happen? Or is the story in the Pentateuch a mythical account written centuries after the alleged events?
Why does Mosess story resemble that of other, older lawgivers and legendary predecessors? Why are there so many elements of sun and wine god myths in the tale of Moses? What does the focus on the serpent in his story signify? Who were Yahweh and the Elohim?
Did Moses Exist? includes:
  • Maps and 126 illustrations
  • Extensive bibliography, table of contents and index
  • Hundreds of footnotes and citations from primary sources in multiple languages
  • Best modern scholarship from credentialed authorities
Did Moses Exist? provides a massive amount of information from antiquity about the worlds religious traditions and mythology, including how solar myths, wine cultivation and fertility cults have shaped the Bible and Judaism. This book may be the most comprehensive study to date, using the best scholarship and state-of-the-art research methods.
In the citations and bibliography appear numerous ancient sources such as the Bible, Anacreon, Apollodorus, Aristides, Aristophanes, Arrian, Cicero, Clement of Alexandria, Diodorus, Euripides, Eusebius, Herodotus, Hesiod, Homer, Josephus, Justin Martyr, Megasthenes, Origen, Ovid, Pausanias, Pindar, Plato, Plutarch, Porphyry, Seneca, Strabo, Varro, Virgil and others, often in the original languages, mostly Greek, Hebrew and Latin.
Also discussed are texts and words in Akkadian, Arabic, Assyrian, Babylonian, Canaanite, Phoenician, Ugaritic and other Semitic languages, along with Egyptian, Sumerian, Vedic and Sanskrit.
The existence of Moses as well as the veracity of the Exodus story is disputed amongst archaeologists and Egyptologists, with experts in the field of biblical criticism citing logical inconsistencies, new archaeological evidence, historical evidence and related origin myths in Canaanite culture. --Moses, Wikipedia
There is no historical evidence outside of the Bible, no mention of Moses outside the Bible, and no independent confirmation that Moses ever existed. --Dr. Michael D. Coogan, lecturer on the Old Testament at Harvard Divinity School
We cannot be sure that Moses ever lived because there are no traces of his earthly existence outside of tradition. --Egyptologist Dr. Jan Assmann, Moses the Egyptian
The life of Moses contains elements--canonical and apocryphal--that mark him as a true mythic hero, and certainly he is Judaisms greatest hero and the central figure in Hebrew mythology. --Dr. David Leeming, The Oxford Companion to World Mythology
...the stories of the creation, of the flood, of Abraham, of Jacob, of the descent into and the exodus from Egypt, of the career of Moses and the Jews in the desert, of Joshua and his soldiers, of the judges and their clients, are all apocryphal, and were fabricated at a late period of Jewish history. --Dr. Thomas Inman, Ancient Faiths and Modern
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Preface
Introduction
Who Wrote the Pentateuch?
Was Moses an Egyptian Pharaoh or Priest?
The Exodus as History?
The Exodus in Ancient Literature
Hyksos and Lepers
Who Were the Israelites?
The Exodus as Myth
The Lawgiver Archetype
The Dionysus Connection
The Life of Dionysus
The Vine and Wine
The Great God Sun
Yahweh and the Sun
Moses as Solar Hero
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index

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Did Moses Exist?
The Myth of the Israelite Lawgiver
D.M. Murdock
Did Moses exist the myth of the Israelite lawgiver - image 1
S tellar H ouse P ublishing
S eattle, W ashington
StellarHousePublishing.com
ALSO BY D.M. MURDOCK a.k.a. ACHARYA S
The Christ Conspiracy: The Greatest Story Ever Sold
Suns of God: Krishna, Buddha and Christ Unveiled
Who Was Jesus? Fingerprints of The Christ
Christ in Egypt: The Horus-Jesus Connection
The Gospel According to Acharya S
The Astrotheology Calendar Series
D ID M OSES E XIST? T HE M YTH OF THE I SRAELITE L AWGIVER
Copyright 2014 by D.M. Murdock a.k.a. Acharya S
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.

No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any mannerwhatsoeverelectronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwisewithoutwritten permission except for brief quotations in articles and reviews. Forinformation, address Stellar House Publishing, LLC, 93 S. Jackson St., Ste.57463, Seattle, WA 98104; www.stellarhousepublishing.com

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Murdock, D.M./Acharya S
Did Moses Exist? The Myth of the Israelite Lawgiver.
1. MosesHistoricity 2. JudaismOrigin
Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN: 0-9799631-8-4
ISBN13: 978-0-9799631-8-6
Design and layout by D.M. Murdock; cover by Mark Chiacchiraand D.M. Murdock; Kindle and EPUB editions formatted by David Deley.Cover images (clockwise from upper left): Moses mosaic in theCathedral Basilica of St Louis; Michelangelo, Moses with horns, SanPietro in Vincoli, Rome; cuneiform mu, Sumerian for snake or serpent;Hebrew text of Exodus verses; Hero (Gilgamesh?) holding lion, palace of SargonII at Khorsabad, 713-706 BCE ; Epicof Gilgamesh in cuneiform; Dionysus coin; Moses and the Burning Bushby Mark Chiacchira; Moses holding tablets by Jos de Ribera (15911652).

Biblical quotes herein are from the Revised Standard Version orRSV, except where otherwise noted. Revised Standard Version ofthe Bible, copyright 1946, 1952, and 1971 the Division of ChristianEducation of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the UnitedStates of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Table of Contents List of Illustrations Map of the Levant and surrounding - photo 2
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
. Map of the Levant and surrounding areas (after MapMaster)
. Rosetta Stone with Egyptian hieroglyphs, Demotic and Greek, c. 196 BCE . Louvre Museum, Paris
. King Og riding giant unicorn behind Noah's ark. (Landa, Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends, 30)
. Wise and learned giant frog, fairy son of Adam and Lilith found at Passover, wrote out the Law and taught Rabbi Hanina the whole Torah. (Landa, Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends, 252)
. Egyptian lawgiver Menes (?) on Narmer Palette, c. 2925c. 2775 BCE . Siltstone tablet, Egyptian Museum, Cairo
. Prehistoric bull carving, c. 15,000 BP . Stele from Gobekli Tepe, Turkey (after Teomancimit)
. Dwelling foundations from Early Bronze Age, c. 33002100 BCE . Tell es-Sultan, Jericho, Israel
. Hammurabi receiving the law from Shamash, 18th cent. BCE . Stele from Susa, Louvre (Fritz-Milkau-Dia-Sammlung)
. Cuneiform clay tablet, 3rd millennium BCE . Found at Ebla, Syria
. Stylized palm tree or asherah, like those torn down by Josiah (2 Kings 23)
. Aramaic letter from Jewish community, 407 BCE . Papyrus, Elephantine, Egypt
. Israelite reformer king Hezekiah and his men destroy idols, including Mosess brazen serpent (2 Kings 18)
. Josiah smashes the idols of Baal (2 Ki 23). (Holman Bible, 1890)
. Hieroglyphs for Asari. (Budge, 1973:1.25)
. Akhenaten worshipping solar disc Aten, rays extend as hands holding life-giving ankhs or Egyptian crosses, 14th cent. BCE . Alabaster carving from tomb of Akhenaten, Amarna, Egypt
. Hebrew tetragrammaton signifying YHWH, Yahweh
. Egyptian words mes and mesu denoting born. (Budge, 1848:149)
. Ramesses IIs victory in the Siege of Dapur, 13th cent. BCE . Mural at Thebes, Egypt (Nordisk familjebok)
. Akhenaten, Nefertiti and children with Aten and his rays/hands holding ankhs, c. 1350 BCE . Staatliche Museen in Berlin, Germany
. God Appears to Moses in Burning Bush, 1848. Painting from Saint Isaacs Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, Russia
. Gustave Dor, Moses and Aaron Before Pharaoh, 1866. (Dors English Bible)
. Dor, The Murrain of Beasts, 1866. (Dors English Bible)
. Dor, The Plague of Darkness, 1866. (Dors English Bible)
. Egypts firstborn destroyed. (de Hondt, Figures de la Bible, 1728)
. Yahwehs pillar of cloud. Bible card by Providence Lithograph Company, c. 18961913
. Israel's escape through the Red Sea. Bible card by Providence Lithograph, 1907
. Moses brings water out of the rock, (de Hondt, Figures de la Bible, 1728)
. Dor, Moses Breaking the Tables of the Law, 1866. (Dor's English Bible)
. Henry Davenport Northrop, The Ark and the Mercy Seat, 1894. (Treasures of the Bible)
. Exodus route bypassing the Red Sea, showing supernatural parting as unnecessary for flight from Egypt (Mller)
. Golden Calf worship (Exod 32:135). Bible card by Providence Lithograph Co, 1901.
. Deity labelled either YHW (Yahu) or YHD (Judea), seated on winged chariot wheel, holding bird, 4th century BCE . Silver coin from Gaza, British Museum
. Jael killing Sisera. (Speculum Humanae Salvationis, c. 1360)
. Map of Near East during Amarna period showing regional powers: Egyptians, Hittites, Mitanni, Kassites (after Historical Atlas, fig. 6)
. Ahmose I battling the Hyksos, 16th cent. BCE
. Saturn in a chariot drawn by winged, serpent-like dragons. Engraving by Pietro Bonato (17651820), Rome, Italy
. Migrations of Semitic peoples out of Africa into Arabia, Levant, Mesopotamia and Asia Minor (after Ancient Mesopotamia, Worldology.com)
. Asiatics (Semites) entering Egypt, c. 1900 BCE . Relief from the tomb of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hasan, Egypt.
. Merneptah Stele, 13th cent. BCE . Cairo Museum (after Webscribe)
. Egyptian hieroglyphs on Merneptah stele transliterated as Ysrir
. Shasu prisoner bound around arms and neck, 12th cent. BCE . Line drawing of relief by Ramesses III at Madinat Habu, Egypt
. Map with shaded areas showing hill settlements of Samaria and Judea, in between Jordan River/Dead Sea and Mediterranean coast (Smith, G.A.)
. Seth-Baal (top), Baal-Seth and the sun god (bottom left two), and Seth with Amun name (bottom right), c. 16th11th cents. BCE . Seal amulets (after Keel and Uehlinger, 115)
. Great Mendes Stele, 3rd cent. BCE . Formerly in Bulaq Museum, Egypt
. Benjamin West, The Brazen Serpent, 1790. BJU Art Gallery and Museum, Greenville, SC
. Joshua commanding the sun to stand still. (Treasures of the Bible, 1894)
. Ramas Bridge between India (top) and Sri Lanka (bottom). (NASA)
. Dor, Destruction of Leviathan, 1865
. Moses rod turned into a serpent, (Holman Bible, 1890)
. Horus of Edfu spearing the crocodile Set (Budge, 1920:16)
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