Bernard S. Schlessinger - The Whos Who of Nobel Prize Winners 1901-1995 (3rd ed)
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The Whos Who of Nobel Prize Winners 1901-1995 (3rd ed)
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The newly updated Third Edition profiles each of the 658 individuals and institutions who have received the Nobel Prize since 1901. Formatted for easy use, the book lists the laureates chronologically by discipline. Each entry includes essential biographical information about the Nobel laureate as well as a commentary describing the Nobel Foundations reasons for granting the award. Four indexes make it easy to search for award winners by name, nationality or citizenship, educational institution attended, or religion.
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Nobel Prizes, Biography--20th century--Dictionaries.
publication date
:
1996
lcc
:
AS911.N9W53 1996eb
ddc
:
001.4/4
subject
:
Nobel Prizes, Biography--20th century--Dictionaries.
Page i
The Who's Who of Nobel Prize Winners 1901-1995
Third Edition
Edited By Bernard S. Schlessinger and June H. Schlessinger
Rashelle S. Karp Senior Associate Editor Louise Sherby and Parvin Kujoory Associate Editors
Foreword by Wilhelm Odelberg Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Vice President of the Royal Academy of Military Sciences
Page ii
The rare Arabian Oryx is believed to have inspired the myth of the unicorn. This desert antelope became virtually extinct in the early 1960s. At that time several groups of international conservationists arranged to have 9 animals sent to the Phoenix Zoo to be the nucleus of a captive breeding herd. Today the Oryx population is over 800 and nearly 400 have been returned to reserves in the Middle East.
1996 by The Oryx Press 4041 North Central at Indian School Road Phoenix, Arizona 85012-3397
Published simultaneously in Canada
All rights reserved All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from The Oryx Press.
Printed and Bound in the United states of America
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencePermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANZI Z39.48, 1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The who's who of Nobel Prize winners, 1901-1995 / edited by Bernard Schlessinger and June H. Schlessinger. 3rd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 0-89774-899-9 1. Nobel prizes. 2. Biography20th centuryDictionaries. I. Schlessinger, Bernard S., 1930- . II. Schlessinger, June H. AS911.N9W53 1996 001.4'4dc20 [B] 96-14746 CIP
Page iii
CONTENTS
Foreword Alfred Nobel: The Man and His Prizes
Wilhelm Odelberg
v
Preface
xi
Using This Book
xiii
List of Contributors
xvii
Main Entry Section
Chemistry
3
Economics
44
Literature
57
Medicine and Physiology
94
Peace
149
Physics
176
Indexes
Name Index
229
Education Index
235
Nationality or Citizenship Index
243
Religion Index
249
Page v
FOREWORD ALFRED NOBEL: THE MAN AND HIS PRIZES
by Wilhelm Odelberg
It came to pass in 1907 that the famous physicist Albert Abraham Michelson set off from America for the wilds of Stockholm to collect that year's Nobel Prize for Physics. He took the Atlantic steamer from New York to Southampton, went by train to Harwich, from there to Esbjerg in Denmark, and so to Sweden. An English gentleman who boarded the boat at Harwich happened to be given a seat at the same dining table as Michelson. During the voyage a somewhat heated discussion ensued between the two of them. The English gentleman spoke disparagingly of American science and military mightMichelson was on the teaching staff of the Annapolis Naval Collegeand Michelson was in turn critical of the exercise of power in the British Empire. They parted in the express hope of never setting eyes on one another again. But they did meet again, and sooner than either of them expected.
During the early years of the Nobel Prizes, up until the First World War, the rule was that only a few people were to be informed of the identity of the year's Laureates before they actually appeared in the Banqueting Hall of the Royal Academy of Music to receive their prizes from the King of Sweden. So you can imagine the astonishment of our two fighting cocks on discovering that both of them were Nobel Laureates, the English gentleman being one Rudyard Kipling. His citation read: "In consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterise the creations of this famous author." Michelson's citation referred to "his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations, carried out with their aid." Michelson's granddaughter, who includes this anecdote in a biography of her grandfather, is unable to tell us whether or not Kipling and Michelson were reconciled afterwards. In any event, this was neither the first nor the last instance of a Nobel Prize generating controversy.
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