Jaan Einasto - Dark Matter and Cosmic Web Story

Advanced Series in Astrohysics and Cosmology

ISSN: 1793-1312

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Advanced Series in Astrophysics and Cosmology Vol. 14 Series Editors: Fang Li Zhi & Remo Ruffini

Jaan Einasto

Tartu Observatory, Estonia

World Scientific

NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI HONG KONG TAIPEI CHENNAI

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Einasto, Jaan, author.

Dark matter and cosmic web story/Jaan Einasto.

pages cm -- (Advanced series in astrophysics and cosmology; Volume 14)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-9814551045 (hardcover: alk. paper)

1. Inflationary universe. 2. Cosmology. 3. Dark matter (Astronomy) 4. Astronomers--Estonia-- Social conditions--20th century. I. Title. II. Series: Advanced series in astrophysics and cosmology; Volume 14.

QB991.I54E36 2013

523.1'126--dc23

2013035528

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Copyright 2014 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

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Preface

The 20th century has been a golden time for astrophysics and cosmology. An excellent discussion of the development of modern astrophysics and cosmology is given by Longair (2006). The search for dark matter has been a part of this development. The history of the discovery of dark matter and its physical nature have been discussed in numerous conferences and books: Faber & Gallagher (1979), Sanders (2010), Trimble (1987, 1988a,b,c, 1990, 1995, 2010), and van den Bergh (1999, 2001), to mention only the most important sources.

A personal view of the development of modern cosmology was recently published by Peebles (2012), see also a collection of views of other leading cosmologists, collected by Peebles et al. (2009). Such personal views are extremely interesting to read.

In this book I try to present a discussion of the Dark Matter Story as seen from my perspective. The work done elsewhere is described in less detail, since I am not familiar with the kitchen aspects of these studies. I try to give balanced credit to results of other investigators when the topic is related to our studies. Our attempts to understand the dark matter problem brought us to the study of Large Scale Structure in the Universe. I shall describe the history of the development of these two topics. They are related because dark matter is the dominant population in the Universe and properties of dark matter particles determine details of the structure. In preparing of this book I used my previous reviews of the history of studies of dark matter and large scale structure of the Universe (Einasto, 2001a,b, 2005, 2009).

The first steps in the search, which ultimately led us to the understanding of the dark matter problem, were made by the founder of the modern Tartu astrophysics school, Ernst pik, and his student Grigori Kuzmin, my first mentor. This search has been continued by the present generation of astronomers. The whole group of galactic and cosmology studies of Tartu Observatory participated in this search. I thank all of them: Heino Eelsalu, Maret Einasto, Mirt Gramann, Urmas Haud, Jaak Jaaniste, Mihkel Jeveer, Lev Kofman, Sergei Kutuzov, Grigori Kuzmin, Dmitry Pogosyan, Enn Saar, Erik Tago, and Peeter Tenjes, and the younger generation of astronomers Gert Htsi, Lauri Juhan Liivamgi, Ivan Suhhonenko, Antti Tamm, and Elmo Tempel.

During the search we had many contacts with astronomers in other centres. The first and longest contacts were with Viktor Ambartsumian, Evgeny Kharadze, Kirill Ogorodnikov, and Pavel Parenago. We collaborated closely with Yakov Zeldovich and his team, including Andrei Doroshkevich, Anatoly Klypin, Igor Novikov, Sergey Shandarin, and Rashid Sunyaev. This played a very important role in our studies, as well as our collaboration with Arthur Chernin, Igor Karachentsev, Andrei Linde, Josif Shklovsky, Alexei Starobinsky, and many others.

I benefitted from contacts with astronomers from other countries. The most fruitful collaboration was with John Huchra. In studying the problems of dark matter and the structure of galaxies and Universe I had discussions with George Abell, Heinz Andernach, Neta and John Bahcall, Ed Bertschinger, Peter Brosche, Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge, George Contopoulos, Gerard de Vaucouleurs, Margaret Geller, Wilhelm Gliese, Bernard Jones, Rocky Kolb, Dave Latham, Donald Lynden-Bell, Vicent Martinez, Dick Miller, Volker Muller, Jan Henrik Oort, Jerry Ostriker, Changbom Park, Jim Peebles, Lubo Perek, Joel Primack, Martin Rees, Mort Roberts, Vera Rubin, Remo Ruffini, Alex Szalay, Gustav Andreas Tammann, Beatrice Tinsley, Alar Toomre, Virginia Trimble, Sidney van den Bergh, Rien van de Weygaert, Simon White, and many others. My sincere thanks to all my friends and colleagues interactions with them helped to develop the present concept of dark matter and large scale structure of the Universe.