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Merold Westphal - Suspicion and Faith: The Religious Uses of Modern Atheism

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Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud are among the most influential of modern atheists. The distinctive feature of their challenge to theistic and specifically Christian belief is expressed by Paul Ricoeur when he calls them the masters of suspicion. While skepticism directs its critique to the truth or evidential basis of belief, suspicion asks two different, intimately intertwined questions: what are motives that lead to this belief? and what function does it play, what work does it do for the individuals and communities that adopt it? What suspicion suspects is that the survival value of religious beliefs depends on satisfying desires and interests that the believing soul and the believing community are not eager to acknowledge because they violate the values they profess, as when, for example, talk about justice is a mask for deep seated resentment and the desire for revenge. For this reason, the hermeneutics of suspicion is a theory, or group of theories, of self deception: ideology critique in Marx, genealogy in Nietzsche, and psychoanalysis in Freud. Suspicion and Faith argues that the appropriate religious response (the religious uses of modern atheism) to these critiques is not to try to refute or deflect them, but rather to acknowledge their force in a process of self examination - and this for two reasons. First, while these critiques are not, as Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud tend to suppose, the whole story about religion, they are all too true all too much of the time; and it is not the task of faith to refute the truth. Second, the original model for this kind of critique is found in the prophetic dimension of biblical faith. Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud are plagiarists.

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title Suspicion and Faith The Religious Uses of Modern Atheism author - photo 1

title:Suspicion and Faith : The Religious Uses of Modern Atheism
author:Westphal, Merold.
publisher:Fordham University Press
isbn10 | asin:0823218767
print isbn13:9780823218769
ebook isbn13:9780585171517
language:English
subjectChristianity and atheism, Marx, Karl,--1818-1883--Religion, Freud, Sigmund,--1856-1939--Religion, Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm,--1844-1900--Religion, Apologetics.
publication date:1998
lcc:BR128.A8W47 1998eb
ddc:261.2/1
subject:Christianity and atheism, Marx, Karl,--1818-1883--Religion, Freud, Sigmund,--1856-1939--Religion, Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm,--1844-1900--Religion, Apologetics.
Page iii
Suspicion and Faith
The Religious Uses of Modern Atheism
Merold Westphal
Picture 2
FORDHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS
New York 1998
Page iv
Copyright 1998 by FORDHAM UNIVERSITY PRESS
All rights reserved.
LC 98-28456
ISBN 0-8232-1875-9 (hardcover)
ISBN 0-8232-1876-7 (paperback)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Westphal, Merold
Suspicion and faith: the religious uses of modem atheism / Merold
Westphal
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Originally published: Grand Rapids, Mich.: W. B. Eerdmans, c1993.
ISBN 0-8232-1875-9. ISBN 0-8232-1876-7 (pbk.)
1. Christianity and atheism. 2. Marx, Karl, 1818-1883Religion.
3. Freud, Sigmund, 1856-1939Religion. 4. Nietzsche, Friedrich
Wilhelm, 1844-1900Religion. 5. Apologetics. I. Title.
[BR128.A8W47 1998]
261.2'1dc21Picture 3Picture 4Picture 5Picture 698-28456
Picture 7Picture 8Picture 9Picture 10Picture 11CIP
Unless otherwise noted, scripture quotations are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyrighted 1946, 1952 1971, 1973 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., and used by permission.
Printed in the United States of America
Page v
for my students and colleagues
in the Senior Seminar program at Hope College
where this project had its birth
Page vii
CONTENTS
Foreword by Kelly James Clark
ix
Preface
xiii
I
The Hermeneutics of Suspicion
1
Atheism for Lent
3
2
On Learning When Not to Refute Atheism
10
3
Help from Gilbert and Sullivan
18
4
Religious Fictions Too?
25
II
Freud and the Psychoanalysis of the Believing Soul
5
Freud's Pessimism
33
6
Freud's Scientism
38
7
Freud's Suspicion I: Dreams and Wish Fulllment
43
8
Freud's Suspicion II: Doctrines and Wish Fulfillment
50
9
On Remembering When Not to Refute Atheism
55
10
Freud's Suspicion III: Doctrines and Distortion
61
11
The Paranoid Dr. Schreber as Victim
65
12
The Paranoid Dr. Schreber as Redeemer
71
13
The Atheist Dr. Freud as Theologian of Original Sin
77
14
Ceremonial as Defense
83
15
Ceremonial as Compromise
89
16
They Know Not What They Do
96
17
Of Savages and Salieri
103
18
Of Obedience and Sacrifice
110
19
Willful Renunciation and the One-Way Covenant
115

Page viii
III
Marx and the Critique of Religion as Ideology
20
Feuerbach's Bourgeois Atheism
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