Brant Pitre - Jesus the Bridegroom: The Greatest Love Story Ever Told

Copyright 2014 by Brant Pitre

All rights reserved.
Published in the United States by Image, an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House LLC, a Penguin Random House Company, New York.
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IMAGE is a registered trademark and the I colophon is a trademark of Random House LLC.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pitre, Brant.
Jesus the bridegroom: the greatest love story ever told / Brant Pitre.First Edition.
1. Jesus ChristCrucifixion. 2. MessiahBiblical teaching. 3. BridegroomsMiscellanea. 4. Jesus ChristJewish interpretations. I. Title.
BT453.P58 2014
232.3dc23
2013037088

ISBN 978-0-7704-3545-5
eBook ISBN 978-0-7704-3546-2

Jacket art by Bridgeman Art Library

v3.1

For my wife, Elizabeth,
and our children,
Morgen, Aidan, Hannah, Marybeth, and Lillia

Psalm 128:34

What do you see when you look at a crucifix? Different people see different things. Do you see the brutal execution of an ancient Jewish man at the hands of the Roman authorities? Or the unjust punishment of a great teacher, who was tragically misunderstood by the leaders of his day? Do you see the martyrdom of the Jewish Messiah, who was killed for claiming to be the king of the Jews? Or the sacrifice of the divine Son of God, who willingly took upon himself the sins of the world?

In the first century A.D., the apostle Paula former disciple of the Jewish rabbi Gamalielsaw all of these things. But he also saw something more in the crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth. Paul saw the love of a bridegroom for his bride. In one of the most famous (and controversial) passages he ever penned, the apostle describes the passion and death of Jesus in terms of the love of a husband for his wife. Speaking to husbands and wives in the church at Ephesus, Paul writes these words:

Wives, submit to your husbands, as to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, and is himself its Savior. As the church submits to Christ, so let wives also submit in everything to their husbands. Husbands, love your wives, as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her, that he might sanctify her, having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word, that he might present the church to himself in splendor, without spot or wrinkle or any such thing, that she might be holy and without blemish. For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one. This is a great mystery, and I mean in reference to Christ and the church. (Ephesians 5:2127, 32)

Now, I realize that many readers may be thinking: Wives do what?! Why does Paul tell wives to submit to their husbands? And why do husbands apparently get off so easy, with the simple command to love their wives? Is Paul some kind of apostolic chauvinist? What in the world does he mean when he says such things?

I promise to get to that later on in the book. Before we can, however, we first need to focus our attention on what lies behind these controversial words: Pauls description of Christ as a bridegroom, the Church as his bride, and the crucifixion of Jesus as the kind of ancient Jewish wedding day on which he loved her and gave himself for her. Indeed, as we will see later on, when Paul refers to the Church being washed and presented to Christ, he is describing the ancient Jewish bridal bath and wedding ceremony. From Pauls point of view, the torture and crucifixion of Jesus on Calvary was nothing less than an expression of spousal love.

What are we to make of this mysterious analogy? To be sure, most Christians are familiar with the idea that Christ is the Bridegroom and the the Church is the Bride. But what does this really mean? And what would ever possess Paul to think of such a comparison? If you had been there at the foot of the bloody cross, with Jesus hanging there dying, is that how you would have described what was happening? How could a firstcentury Jew like Paul, who knew how horribly brutal Roman crucifixions were, have ever compared the execution of Jesus to the marriage between a bridegroom and his bride? Is this just an elegant metaphor? If so, why then does Paul refer to it as a great mystery (Greek mysterion mega) (Ephesians 5:32)?

As I hope to show in this book, it is precisely because Paul was Jewish that he saw the passion of Christ in this way. It is precisely because Paul knew Jewish Scripture and tradition that he was able to see the crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth as more than just a Roman execution, an unjust martyrdom, or even the sacrifice of the Son of God. Because of his Jewish background, Paul saw the passion and death of Christ as the fulfillment of the God of Israels eternal plan to wed himself to humankind in an everlasting marital covenant. As we will see in this book, from an ancient Jewish perspective, in its deepest mystery, all of salvation history is in fact a divine love story between Creator and creature, between God and Israel, a story that comes to its climax on the bloody wood of a Roman cross.

In order for us to see all of this, however, we will have to go back in time to the first century A.D. and take off our modern eyeglasses and try to see both the love of God and the passion of Jesus the way the apostle Paul and other ancient Christians saw themthrough ancient Jewish eyes. In other words, we will have to go back and reread the accounts of the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus in light of ancient Jewish Scripture and tradition.

When we do this, we will discover that Paul is not the only person who talked this way. In the early stages of Jesus ministry, John the Baptistanother first-century Jewrefers to Jesus as the Bridegroom (John 3:29), even though Jesus has no wife. Later on, in one of his most mysterious parables, Jesus refers to himself as the bridegroom, and calls his disciples the sons of the bridechamber (Mark 2:1819). Moreover, the very first miracle Jesus performs takes place at a Jewish wedding, when he acts like a bridegroom by miraculously providing wine for the wedding party (John 2:111). Most striking of all, the last days of Jesus lifethe Last Supper, the passion, and his crucifixion and deathwhen examined through the lens of ancient Jewish Scripture and tradition, look mysteriously similar to certain aspects of an ancient Jewish wedding. According to the book of Revelation (written by yet another Jewish Christian), the world itself ends with a wedding: the eternal marriage supper of the Lamb and the unveiling of the new Jerusalem as the Bride of Christ (Revelation 19, 21).

In other words, when seen through ancient Jewish eyes, Jesus of Nazareth was more than just a teacher, or a prophet, or even the Messiah; he was the bridegroom God of Israel come in the flesh. As the Bridegroom Messiah, his mission was not just to teach the truth, or proclaim the kingdom, but to forgive the sinful bride of God and unite himself to her in an everlasting covenant of love. In the words of the