PRAISE FOR THE JESUS MYSTERIES
A US national bestseller, UK Sunday Times bestseller and Daily Telegraph Book of the Year 1999
The Jesus Mysteries is a provocative, exciting and challenging book. It will force Christians to recognize that what we call orthodoxy is not orthodoxy because it is right, but because it won. Timothy Freke and Peter Gandy will force a new debate in Christian circles for which the Church will ultimately be grateful.
Right Revd John Shelby Spong, Bishop of Newark and author of Why Christianity Must Change or Die
An erudite and well-researched book stuffed with controversial ideas.
Fiona Pitt-Kethley, Daily Telegraph
provocative, stimulating a readable, compelling book.
David Allan Dodson, CNN
So persuasive that it is doubtful whether theological scholarship will ever be the same.
Robert Macklin, Canberra Times
The parallels between Paganism and Christianity that Freke and Gandy advance are impressive.
Professor G. A. Wells, author of The Jesus Myth
The lively and energetic style of this book will give the ordinary reader a rare insight into the obscure and intriguing beginnings of Christianity. Scholars will appreciate the thorough documentation, specified in hundreds of footnotes.
Professor Alvar Ellegard, author of Jesus: One Hundred Years Before Christ
An excellent book for anyone interested in Christian origins.
Professor Darrell J. Doughty, New Testament Studies, Drew University, USA
Wonderful absolutely on target.
Publishers Weekly
Reads with the same charge as a good thriller. The authors uncovering of several inconsistencies within the four gospels is worth the entrance fee on its own.
Kindred Spirit
Rarely have the roots of Christianity been disentangled to such disturbing effect. I shall never be able to read the gospels in the same way again.
Roger Bolton, presenter of BBC Radio 4s The Sunday Programme
This is a powerful book, and its impact, like a rolling express train, accelerates as one is carried along, page after page. It makes an absolutely compelling case for the non-existence of the gospel Jesus.
Earl Doherty, author of The Jesus Puzzle
A wonderful blend of detective story, historical research and clear thinking. The time for the inner mysteries of Christianity to be brought out of the closet is long overdue, and this book is a powerful and courageous voice for the cause.
Roger Housden, author of Sacred America
This is not for readers with a delicate nervous system. The book is shock treatment in paperback.
Marie Mares, New Vision
Powerful, provocative and extremely well written. This book is a milestone and if it succeeds, as I hope it does, it will no doubt feel the heat from the academic fire it is fanning.
Mark Vidler, author of The Star Mirror
The Jesus Mysteries is a powerful book which successfully challenges the history of Christianity bequeathed to us by the Roman Church. Already this book has started to have an impact and this is understandable. The Jesus Mysteries is too well researched and controversial to be ignored, so I predict it will provoke discussion and debate for many years to come.
Fiona Willson, New Dawn
As the Jesus Mysteries Thesis becomes more widely known, and if it begins to be accepted, it is clear that the implications are revolutionary. It is likely to become one of the most important religious debates of the twenty-first century.
Cecily Taylor, Quaker Monthly
Copyright 2001 by Timothy Freke and Peter Gandy
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Published by Three Rivers Press, New York, New York.
Member of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc.
www.randomhouse.com
THREE RIVERS PRESS is a registered trademark and the Three Rivers Press colophon is a trademark of Random House, Inc.
Originally published in hardcover by Harmony Books in 2001.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available upon request.
eISBN: 978-0-307-56586-0
v3.1
THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED
TO THOSE WHO KNOW
THEY DO NOT KNOW.
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank our commissioning editors Carole Tonkinson, Rebecca Strong, Eileen Campbell and Patricia Gift, our agent Susan Mears, our dedicated copy editor Lizzie Hutchins, Tim Byrne for turning our vision of the cover into a reality, Ellen Freke for her positive comments on the manuscript, all at Thorsons and Harmony who have helped and will be helping in publicity and promotion, and last but not least, readers of our previous books, especially The Jesus Mysteries, for supporting and encouraging our work.
chapter one
THE GOSPEL OF
Gnosis
I will reveal to you what no eye can see,
what no ear can hear,
what no hand can touch,
what cannot be conceived by the human mind.
Jesus, The Gospel of Thomas
Life is a Mystery. A Mystery so awesome that we insulate ourselves from its intensity. To numb our fear of the unknown we desensitize ourselves to the miracle of living. We perpetuate the nonchalant lie that we know who we are and what life is. Yet behind this preposterous bluff the Mystery remains unchanging, waiting for us to remember to wonder. It is waiting in a shaft of sunlight, in the thought of death, in the intoxication of new love, in the joy of childbirth or the shock of loss. One minute we are going about our business as if life were nothing special and the next we are face to face with profound, unfathomable, breathtaking Mystery. This is both the origin and consummation of the spiritual quest.
Although the conditions of life have changed continually throughout history, the Mystery of life has remained the same. This is a book about a remarkable group of men and women who, some 2,000 years ago, were touched by the Mystery and dared to plumb its depths. Revolutionary free-thinkers who synthesized the available wisdom of the world and articulated perennial truths in dynamic, innovative ways. Creative visionaries who encoded their teachings in extraordinary myths. Explorers of Consciousness whose mystical philosophy promised Gnosis experiential Knowledge of Truth. These forgotten spiritual pioneers could not have conceived of the unparalleled impact they would have on the history of humanity. Who were they? They called themselves Christians.
It was these radical individualists who inadvertently created the most authoritarian religion in history. Their questioning mysticism was distorted, almost beyond recognition, into the dogmatic creed of what they called an imitation church. When this impoverished form of Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the brutal Roman Empire, the original Christians were violently suppressed, their scriptures burned and their memory all but erased. The Roman Church fabricated its own account of the origins of Christianity, still believed today, which dismisses the first Christians as a minor cult of obscure heretics. But it was these brilliant mythographers who authored a story which continues to dominate the spiritual imagination of the Western world. From the archaic allegory of a dying and resurrecting Son of God they fashioned a new and vibrant myth which has captured the hearts and minds of millions: the fable of a Jewish peasant who saved the world: the story of Jesus the Christ.