This is the best of guides to the world of medieval monasticism: a fresh, novel, exciting, detailed, reliable account of how monastic life developed over twelve centuries and of the many paths to perfection and salvation it created for both women and men. Medieval monasticism had its failures, but it also never ceased to surprise by its capacity to adjust to complex, changing circumstances, to establish itself as a fundamental element of medieval economy and society, and to cater for the whole spectrum of religious life from eremitical withdrawal to firebrand preaching. Here is an exceptionally rich mine of materials drawn from all kinds of historical sources and thoughtfully presented in the light of an exceptional understanding of structures and ideals by a wonderful scholar.
David Luscombe
Fellow of the British Academy
Emeritus Professor
The University of Sheffield
The fruit of long study of medieval monks, ascetics, mystics, and the rules that they lived by, The World of Medieval Monasticism is a lively and erudite companion for any reader interested in exploring the many astonishing forms of Western religious life.
Barbara H. Rosenwein
Loyola University
The World of Medieval Monasticism is the crowning achievement of the decades Professor Melville has devoted to the relentless study of medieval religious life in the West. Marked by a wealth of sources and shaped by the influential Research Center for the Comparative History of Religious Life at the University of Dresden, The World of Medieval Monasticism is an essential source in its own right for all those interested in the cultural history and spiritual inheritance of medieval religious life.
Timothy J. Johnson
Flagler College
With this splendid translation, English readers have access to a lifetime of scholarly thought and reflection on medieval monastic and mendicant life offered as a coherent narrative. Gert Melville has long been one of the leading interpreters of monastic life in Germany and, at present, perhaps the foremost sponsor of probing new scholarship. This book shows him at his best as a sympathetic student of medieval religious life set, as a good historian would, in its social and material contexts.
John VanEngen
University of Notre Dame
The doyen of monastic history has poured learning hitherto scattered among innumerable papers into the form of an elegant synthesisa path-breaking sociological analysis of one of the most interesting medieval forms of life. Decades of scholarships and accumulated insights have been distilled into this volume.
David dAvray
University College London
Fellow of the British Academy
Cistercian Publications
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This work was originally published in German as Die Welt der Mittelalterlichen Klster. Geschichte und Lebensformen Verlag C.H. Beck oHG, Mnchen 2012.
Scripture texts in this work are taken from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.
Unless otherwise indicated, quotations from the Rule of St. Benedict are taken from RB 1980: The Rule of St. Benedict in English, copyright 1981 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota.
2016 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, microfiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint Johns Abbey, PO Box 7500, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America.
The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Melville, Gert.
Title: The world of medieval monasticism : its history and forms of life / Gert Melville ; translated by James Mixson.
Other titles: Welt der mittelalterlichen Kloster. English
Description: Collegeville, Minnesota : Cistercian Publications, 2016. | Series: Cisterican studies series ; no. 263 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015034630 | ISBN 9780879072636 | ISBN 9780879074999 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Monasticism and religious ordersEuropeHistoryMiddle Ages, 6001500. | Monastic and religious lifeEuropeHistoryMiddle Ages, 6001500. | MonksEuropeSocial conditions. | EuropeChurch history6001500.
Classification: LCC BX2590 .M45813 2016 | DDC 271.009/02dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015034630
For Marlen, Maximilian, and Niels
Contents
Foreword
This book will introduce English-speaking readers to the work of Professor Gert Melville, who has for many years played a leading role as a writer and educator in the field of medieval church history. As a lecturer at Munich, Frankfurt am Main, Tbingen, Paris, and Passau and a professor at Mnster, Dresden, and Eichsttt, he has influenced countless students. He has organized many scholarly meetings and directed the publication of the proceedings, often in the series Vita regularis (which now numbers over sixty volumes) and Norm und Struktur (with over forty volumes). He has edited, or helped to edit, thirty-nine volumes of collected essays. He took the initiative in the creation of the Forschungsstelle fr Vergleichende Ordensgeschichte (FOVOG)the Research Center for the Comparative History of Religious Orderswhich promotes the comparative study of the forms of medieval religious life. At the same time, Professor Melville has pursued his own research and published several volumes and well over a hundred articles on topics from Late Antiquity to the Early Modern period, concerned with the church and religious life not only in Europe but also in the Near East and America.
The present work distills a lifetime of study of medieval Christianity and covers an impressive range of material on religious life all over Europe for more than a thousand years. It concentrates on monasticism and other forms of religious life, including hermits as well as monks and nuns, canons and canonesses, and the mendicant orders. Professor Melville maintains a delicate balance between institutions and spirituality, between texts and charisma, and between rules and reality in religious communities, including the relation with the outside world of groups and individuals who have in principle withdrawn from secular society. In the late Middle Ages, the essentially personal element in religious lifethe desire to seek a direct encounter of the individual soul with God, as Professor Melville puts itinspired the new apostolic orders, communities of hermits, and lay associations of women as well as men. The older institutions lost much of their appeal, though they still attracted new members.
Along the way the reader meets a number of influential religious leaders and develops a sense of the personal and spiritual as well as the institutional side of religious life. The text illuminates the tension between individuals and institutions and contributes to an understanding of the real life in different religious communities, how they were organized and governed, and why they flourished at some times and declined at others.
Giles Constable
Professor Emeritus
School of Historical Studies
Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton