A Brief Introduction to Jainism and Sikhism
Updated and revised by Tim Dowley
General Editor: Christopher Partridge
Fortress Press
Minneapolis
A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO JAINISM AND SIKHISM
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Scripture quotations marked Good News Bible are from the Good News Bible (GNB) American Bible Society 1966, 1971, 1976.
Scripture quotations marked Revised Standard Version is taken from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1952 2nd edition, 1971 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations marked KJV are from the King James Version.
The maps and images on pages 120-121 appear in Atlas of World Religions (Fortress Press, forthcoming).
Cover image: Mahavira y Tirtankaras/Seattle Asian Art Museum/ Miguel Hermoso Cuesta/Wikimedia Commons; Golden Temple, Holiest shrine of the Sikh religion/JeremyRichard/Shutterstock.com
Cover design: Laurie Ingram
Print ISBN: 978-1-5064-5038-4
eBook ISBN: 978-1-5064-5039-1
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Manufactured in the USA
Contents
Dr Veikko Anttonen
Professor of Comparative Religion,
School of Cultural Research,
University of Turku, Finland
Dr Eric S. Christianson
Formerly Senior Lecturer in Biblical Studies,
University College Chester, UK
Dr Diana L. Eck
Professor of Comparative Religion and
Indian Studies, Harvard Divinity School,
Cambridge, MA, USA
Dr Gavin Flood
Professor of Hindu Studies and
Comparative Religion,
University of Oxford, UK
Dr Andreas Grnschlo
Professor of Religious Studies,
Gttingen University, Germany
Dr Robert J. Kisala,
Associate Professor, Nanzan University,
Nagoya, Japan
Dr Anthony N. S. Lane
Professor of Historical Theology and
Director of Research,
London School of Theology, UK
Dr Nicholas de Lange
Professor of Hebrew and Jewish Studies,
University of Cambridge, UK
Dr Mikael Rothstein
Associate Professor of Religious History,
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Professor Lamin Sanneh
D. Willis James Professor of Missions and
World Christianity and Professor of History,
Yale Divinity School, New Haven, CT, USA
Baron Singh of Wimbledon CBE
Dr Garry W. Trompf
Emeritus Professor in the History of Ideas,
University of Sydney, Australia
Dr Linda Woodhead
Professor of Sociology of Religion,
Lancaster University, UK
Resham Singh Bhogal: I am a Sikh
Dr Fiona Bowie, Honorary Research Fellow, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, UK: The Anthropology of Religion, Ritual and Performance
Dr Jeremy Carrette, Professor of Religion and Culture, University of Kent, England: Critical Theory and Religion
Dr Douglas Davies, Professor in the Study of Religion, Department of Theology and Religion, University of Durham, UK: Myths and Symbols, The Golden Temple
Dr Malcolm Hamilton, Senior Lecturer, Department of Sociology, University of Reading, UK: The Sociology of Religion
Dr Elizabeth J. Harris, Senior Lecturer, Comparative Study of Religions, Liverpool Hope University, UK: Buddhism: Beliefs, Family and Society, Buddhism in the Modern World
Dr Paul Hedges, Senior Lecturer in Theology and Religious Studies: Theological Approaches to the Study of Religion
Dr Sewa Singh Kalsi, Lecturer in Sikh Studies, University of Leeds, UK: Sikhism: Sacred Writings, Beliefs, Worship and Festivals, Family and Society
Magdalen Lambkin, PhD student at the University of Glasgow, Scotland: Consultant, Understanding Religion
Dr Russell T. McCutcheon, Professor of Sociology of Religion, University of Alabama, USA: What is Religion?
Dr Christopher Partridge, Professor of Religious Studies, University of Lancaster, UK: Phenomenology and the Study of Religion, Rapid Fact-finder
Samani Charitra Prajna: I am a Jain
Dr Emma Salter, Course leader, Religion and Education, University of Huddersfield, UK: Jainism: A Historical Overview, Sacred Writings, Beliefs, Family and Society, Worship and Festivals, Jainism in the Modern World
Dr Christopher Shackle, Emeritus Professor of Modern Languages of South Asia, University of London, UK: Sikhism: A Historical Overview, Sikhism Today
Revd Angela Tilby, Diocesan Canon, Christ Church, Oxford, UK: Rapid Fact-finder
Dr Fraser N. Watts, Starbridge Lecturer in Theology and Natural Science, University of Cambridge, UK: The Psychology of Religion
Dr Paul Williams, Emeritus Professor of Indian and Tibetan Philosophy, University of Bristol, UK: Buddhism: A Historical Overview, Sacred Writings
Revd Dr John-David Yule, Incumbent of the United Benefice of Fen Drayton with Conington, Lolworth, and Swavesey, Cambridge, UK: Rapid Fact-finder
The Worlds Religions | 50 |
Jainism in India | 58 |
Sikhism in India Today | 114 |
Sikh Origins | 120 |
Sikhism Worldwide Today | 121 |
Timeline of World Religions | 48 |
Jainism | 61 |
Sikhism | 91 |
Karl Marx | 15 |
Kumbh Mela festival, Haridwar | 18 |
The cross, symbol of Christianity | 27 |
Hare Krishna Festival of Chariots | 31 |
Sigmund Freud | 34 |
Anselm of Canterbury | 37 |
Friedrich Nietzsche | 40 |
Christian festival atTimket, Ethiopia | 43 |
Malagasy children, Madagascar | 46 |
Jain temple, Mount Shatrunjaya, India | 55 |
Mahavira Temple, near Jodhpur, India | 64 |
Jain Temple, Ranakpur | 72 |
Jain Temple, Indra Sabha |