Much gratitude is due to all the dhamma writers, especially Mr. G. P. Malalasekera, who compiled the Dictionary of Pi Proper Names, which has been used generously to provide information on various Ther in this book.
Thanks are also due to VRI-India, and in particular to Mr. S. P. Goenka, for their gracious permission to reproduce the CST edition Pi source text in the book. Much gratitude is due to all the monasteries and meditation centers that have willingly taken on the task of distributing this book.
The book was completed while I stayed at the Sumathipla Araa, Kanduboda, Sri Lanka under the guidance of Pemsiri Bhante. I have benefitted much from the evening discussions with Bhante. Deep gratitude and thanks to Pelenwatte Dhammarakkhita Bhante for his valuable suggestions and feedback.
I also thank the Sri Lanka Immigration for extending my visa to complete the translation work, Mr. Nalin Ariyarathne for the cover and book design, and Ms. Pooja Gokul for the permission to use the Sanchi Torana sketch in the back cover logo.
I am thankful to Drs. Hirantha Kollure, Dimuthu Thennakoon, and Thamara Bogoda for their care and kindness. All the donors and supporters in Sri Lanka are thanked for their kind and generous contributions of time and material that helped make this book a reality. In particular, David Young and Ms. Vihara Weeratna deserve a special mention for their kindness and support; and Mr. Mangala Subasinghe of UniDil Packaging generously provided the shipping boxes.
May they all share bountifully in the merits of this work. May all beings partake of the merits generated of this work. May all beings be happy, be peaceful, be liberated.
Guide to Pi Pronunciation
The Pi alphabet consists of:
Vowels:
a (as in cut or us)
(as in ah or art)
i (as in king or is)
(as in keen or eel)
u (as in put)
(as in rule or boon)
e (as in way or end)
o (as in home or ox)
e and o are long before a single consonant (me & bone)
e and o are short before a double consonant (end & ox)
Consonants:
Gutturals: k, kh, g, gh,
Palatals: c, ch, j, jh,
Cerebrals: , h, , h, (tongue on roof of mouth)
Dentals: t, th, d, dh, n (tongue behind upper teeth)
Labials: p, ph, b, bh, m
Semivowels: y, r, , l, v
Sibilant: s
Aspirate: h
Niggahta: (like ng in song)
Among the consonants, g is always pronounced as in good, c as in church, as in onion.
The aspirates kh, gh, ch, jh, h, h, th, dh, ph, bh are single consonants pronounced with slightly more force than the non-aspirates, thus th as in Thomas (not as in thin), ph as in puff (not as in phone).
Double consonants are always enunciated separately, thus dd as in mad dog, gg as in big gun.
An o and an e always carry a stress; otherwise the stress falls on a long vowel , , , or on a double consonant, or on .
(Courtesy Venerables Balangoda nanda Maitreya and Bhikkhu Bodhi)
Bibliography and Abbreviations
ACC Access To Insight ( www.accesstoinsight.org )
CDB Venerable Bhikkhu Bodhi; The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Sayutta Nikya (Teachings of the Buddha), Wisdom Publications. 2000 Kindle Edition.
CST Chaha Sagyan Tipiaka 4.0.0.15 Electronic Edition copyright 1995 Vipassana Research Institute.
See endnote 1 and Appendix 1 for abbreviations used by CST in Pi text.
DPPN Malalasekera, G. P; Dictionary of Pi Proper Names (Online Version: http://www.aimwell.org/DPPN/index.html ).
EV1 Norman, K. R.; Elders Verses I-Theragth, Pali Text Society. 2007 (Second) Edition.
EV2 Norman, K. R.; Elders Verses II-Thergth, Pali Text Society. 1995 Edition.
GDB Venerable Nyanaponika Thera and Hecker, Hellmuth; Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy (Teachings of the Buddha), Wisdom Publications. 2003 Kindle Edition.
ITI Angrika, Mahendra; Itivuttakapi Book of This was Said: A Contemporary Translation, Dhamma Publishers. 2018 Kindle Edition.
LDB Walshe, Maurice; The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Dgha Nikya (Teachings of the Buddha), Wisdom Publications. 1987, 1995 Kindle Edition.
MIL1 Horner, I. B.; Milindapahapi -Milindas Questions, Volume 1, Pali Text Society. 1996 Edition.
MIL2 Horner, I. B.; Milindapahapi -Milindas Questions, Volume 2, Pali Text Society. 1999 Edition.
MLDB Venerable Bhikkhu Bodhi; The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikya (Teachings of the Buddha), Wisdom Publications. 2005 Kindle Edition.
NDB Venerable Bhikkhu Bodhi; The Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: A Complete Translation of the Aguttara Nikya (Teachings of the Buddha), Wisdom Publications. 2012 Kindle Edition.
NW Venerable hnissaro Bhikkhu and Khematto Bhikkhu; Noble Warrior: A Life of the Buddha Compiled from the Pi Canon , www.dhammatalks.org . 2019 PDF Edition.
PPN Venerable Bhikkhu amoli; The Path of Purification, Buddhist Publication Society. 2010 PDF Edition.
Sn-B Venerable Bhikkhu Bodhi; The Suttanipta: An Ancient Collection of the Buddhas Discourses Together with Its Commentaries (The Teachings of the Buddha), Wisdom Publications. 2017 Kindle Edition.
TB&V Angrika, Mahendra; Theravda Buddhism and Vegetarianism : A Review and Study Guide, Dhamma Publishers. 2019 Kindle Edition.
THAGS Venerable Bhikkhu Sujto; Theragth: Verses of the Senior Monks, SuttaCentral. 2019 Revised Edition (downloaded Feb 16, 2020).
THAGT Venerable hnissaro Bhikkhu; Theragth: Verses of the Elder Monks, Access To Insight Edition ( https://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/thag/index.html ).
THIG Angrika, Mahendra; Thergthpi Book of Verses of Elder Bhikkhunis : A Contemporary Translation, Dhamma Publishers. 2017 Kindle Edition.
Online Dictionaries
DICT-P (1) PTS Pi-English Dictionary http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/