Cai Mason - A Romano-British Roadside Settlement Near Beanacre, Wiltshire

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A Romano-British Roadside Settlement at Beanacre, Wiltshire

Cai Mason

A Romano-British Roadside Settlement at Beanacre, Wiltshire

Cai Mason

with contributions by

Phil Andrews, Elina Brook, Dana Challinor, Nicholas Cooke, Kirsten Egging Dinwiddy

Phil Harding, Richard Henry, L. Higbee, Ins Lpez-Driga

J. M. Mills and Rachael Seager Smith

Illustrations by

Rob Goller and Nancy Dixon

Wessex Archaeology Occasional Paper

2018

Published 2018 by Wessex Archaeology Ltd

Portway House, Old Sarum Park, Salisbury, SP4 6EB

www.wessexarch.co.uk

Copyright 2018 Wessex Archaeology Ltd

All rights reserved

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-1-911137-10-8

Mobi ISBN: 978-1-911137-11-5

ePDF ISBN: 978-1-911137-10-8

Front cover

Stone altars (ONs 39 and 40)

Back cover

Enamelled plate brooch (ON 70), typical oven, locally produced oxidised ware flagon, and central part of site crossed by Roman road

Wessex Archaeology Ltd is a company limited by guarantee registered in England, company number 1712772. It is also a Charity registered in England and Wales number 287786, and in Scotland, Scottish Charity number SC042630. Our registered office is at Portway House, Old Sarum Park, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 6EB.

Contents

List of Figures

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Site location, showing cable route and areas of archaeological investigation

Figure 1.2 Location of the site in relation to selected nearby Romano-British settlements, villas and other sites

Figure 1.3 Archaeological features shown in relation to geophysical survey areas

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 Plan of early and mid-Romano-British features in Area 1B

Figure 2.2 Sections of mid-Romano-British hollow-ways 1925 and 1932

Figure 2.3 Plan and section of early Romano-British sunken-featured building

Figure 2.4 Plan of archaeological features in Area 1A

Figure 2.5 Plan of archaeological features in Area 1C

Figure 2.6 Plan of Romano-British ovens and features containing burnt pig bones

Figure 2.7 Plans and sections of Romano-British ovens 1125, 1200 and 1593

Figure 2.8 Plans and sections of Romano-British oven 1792 and crop drying oven 1474

Figure 2.9 Plan of late Romano-British features in Area 1B

Figure 2.10 Section of late Romano-British walls 1766 and 1926

Figure 2.11 Section of robbed late Romano-British wall 1922 and ditch 1921

Figure 2.12 Section of late Romano-British well 1678

Figure 2.13 Section of post-medieval hollow-way 1603

Figure 2.14 Topographical survey of Area 2

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 Analysis of the coins from the 2015 Beanacre excavation using Reece (1995) periods

Figure 3.2 Comparison using Reece (1995) periods of the Beanacre excavation coin finds against the Wiltshire mean

Figure 3.3 Comparison using Reece (1995) periods of the Beanacre excavation coin finds against the Whitewalls finds

Figure 3.4 Decorated samian (nos 18)

Figure 3.5 Decorated samian (no 9)

Figure 3.6 Pottery (nos 132)

Figure 3.7 Pottery (nos 3358)

Figure 3.8 Pottery (nos 5974

Figure 3.9 Pottery (nos 7590)

Figure 3.10 Pottery (nos 91103)

Figure 3.11 Pottery (nos 104126)

Figure 3.12 Other finds: copper alloy (nos 15, 8, 1014); worked bone (nos 6 and 9); glass (no 7)

Figure 3.13 Other finds: iron (nos 1516)

Figure 3.14 Architectural fragments (nos 1718)

Figure 3.15 Stone altars (nos 1920)

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Categories of plant taxa per sample

Figure 4.2 Taxonomic composition of charcoal assemblages from ovens (based upon fragment count; N = 325)

Figure 4.3 Comparison of charcoal assemblages by feature/activity type (based upon fragment count; N = 681)

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 Postulated extent of the Romano-British roadside settlement at Beanacre

List of Plates

Chapter 2

Plate 2.1 Hollow-way 1925, looking west

Plate 2.2 Mid-Romano-British ditch 1443, Romano-British ovens 1490, 1494 and late Romano-British ditch 1913 and burial 1485, looking north-east

Plate 2.3 Mid-Romano-British oven 1792, looking north-east

Plate 2.4 Mid-Romano-British oven 1116, looking west

Plate 2.5 Romano-British oven 1200, looking north

Plate 2.6 Mid-Romano-British ovens 1173, 1217, 1223, 1227 and 1293, and rake out pit 1171, looking north-west

Plate 2.7 Mid-Romano-British ovens 1640, 1647, 1715 and 1770, looking east

Plate 2.8 Mid-Romano-British calf burial 1158, looking north-west

Plate 2.9 Late Romano-British rubble surface 1910, looking north-west

Plate 2.10 Late Romano-British Building 2, showing walls 1565, 1765, 1766 and 1926, stone pads 1804 and 1805, and robber trench 1927, looking north-west

Plate 2.11 Late Romano-British Building 2, showing walls 1565, 1765, 1766 and 1926 looking south

Plate 2.12 Section through late Romano-British wall 1928, looking north

Plate 2.13 Section through late Romano-British walls 1766 and 1926, looking south-east

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