A. G. Ravan Farhadi - Abdullah Ansari of Herat (1006-1089 Ce)

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The tomb of Abdullh Anr, in Gzar-gh of Hert. This entrance to the shrine was reconstructed in 1428, at the order of Shh Rkh, by an architect named Zain-ud-din, who so revered Anr that he asked to be buried facing the shrine, with his tombstone in the form of a kneeling dog. It may be seen in the left of the plate above.

Photo by Masatoshi Konishi, 1967

ABDULLH ANR OF HERT (1006-1089 C.E.)

An Early fi Master

CURZON SUFI SERIES

Series Editor:

Ian Richard Netton

Professor of Arabic Studies,
University of Leeds

The Curzon Sufi Series attempts to provide short introductions to a variety of facets of the subject, which are accessible both to the general reader and the student and scholar in the field. Each book will be either a synthesis of existing knowledge or a distinct contribution to, and extension of, knowledge of the particular topic. The two major underlying principles of the Series are sound scholarship and readability.

AL-HALLAJ

Herbert W. Mason

PERSIAN SUFI POETRY

An Introduction to the Mystical Use of Classical Persian Poetry

J.T.P. de Bruijn

RUZBIHAN BAQLI

Mysticism and the Rhetoric of Sainthood in Persian Sufism

Carl W. Ernst

BEYOND FAITH AND INFIDELITY

The Sufi Poetry and Teachings of Mahmud Shabistari

Leonard Lewisohn

ABDULLH ANR OF HERT (1006-1089 C.E.)

An Early fi Master

A. G. Ravn Farhdi

Formerly Professor at Sorbornne Nouvelle, Paris and at the University of California, Berkeley

First published in 1996

by Curzon Press

Published 2013 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1996 A.G. Ravan Farhdi

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Libraly of Congress in Publication Data

A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN 13: 978-0-700-703134 (pbk)

CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES AND APPENDIXES

:	The Place of Anr in the Historical Development of Hanbalism
:	Books, Treatises and Minor Works of Ansr Found in Early Manuscripts and Quoted By His Earliest Biographers
:	Persian Works Attributed to Anr in the Manuscripts of the 15th Century and Later, but Not Authenticated in the Early Manuscripts
:	A Summary of the Contents of A Specimen of the Commentary of the Quran (Ka sh f al-Asrr) for Chapter (Srah) 61, Al-aff
:	Chart of the Contents of the The Generations of the fis (abaqt al-fiyya)
:	Compilations of the Intimate Invocations (Munjt) of Abdullh Anr

Dates

The Christian Era (C.E.) year is given after the
lunar Hijra (H) year, e.g. 396/1006

The tomb of Abdullh Anr in Gzar-gh of Hert. Behind the tomb, a Rawq (half dome) is decorated with glazed tile (kshi) with calligraphic writing of Quranic verses.

Drawing by A. Shakr Farhdi

PREFACE

Seventy-two years ago, Vladimir Ivanov wrote The abaqt of Anr in the Old Language of Hert (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, January 1923). His article concentrated on the linguistic aspects, rather than on Sufism. It was sixty-one years ago that Hellmut Ritter became the first Western scholar to provide major information (in the German language) on the f works of Anr in his article, Philologika VII: Anr Herew (Der Islam 22:1934). More recently, in 1965, Serge de Beaurecueil published (in French) a very fine study of Anr and his works. He also offered a critical edition of The Stations of the Wayfarers (Manzil al-Syirn), which is the masterpiece of Anr in Arabic, together with a translation into French (see Bibliography).

As no major study on Abdullh Anr of Hert has been available in the English language, this short work has been written with the intention of filling the gap. I earnestly hope it will be followed by other works on Anr in the English language.

The selections from Anr translated herein involve many subtleties of Sufism, the mystical dimension of Islm. The reader who is unfamiliar with basic f teachings is therefore advised to read one of the many introductory books on Sufism published in the English language (see Bibliography).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful to all those who have provided me with assistance in preparing this brief work:

Dr. Ibrhm Gamard deserves particular recognition. He is an American who has devoted himself to early f works in Persian and with whom I have been working since 1986 in preparing the annotated English translation of the Rubiyt (Quatrains) of Mawln Jall-ud-dn of Bal kh (called Rm). He did the preliminary, and later, the final editing of this book (typing it onto computer disk together with transliteration signs), which included some very helpful rewriting. Without his scholarly and generous contribution, this book would not have been ready for publication.

I am very thankful to Dr. Leonard Lewisohn of the Center of Near Eastern Studies, SOAS, University of London, for having suggested valuable proposals for the improvement of the translation of many passages of The Hundred Grounds (Sad Maydn) of Anr.

My brother, Abd-ul- Sh akr Farhd, a professor of Architecture (in Greenville, North Carolina), offered his drawing of the shrine surrounding the tomb of Abdullh Anr (in Gzar-gh, located in a suburb of Hert). His son, Adb Farhd typed major parts of the book. Other parts were first typed by Jn-Amad Taymree. In the later stages of the work, I had the helpful cooperation of Nhd Frq and Sh ahra Sh air.

I am glad to have had, while in Paris in September 1993, an interesting exchange of views about the contents of this book with my friend of 42 years, Serge de Laugier de Beaurecueil. He has spent a good part of his life studying the life and works of Anr, and had, for many years, made Af gh nistn his second home country (see Bibliography).

I am grateful to Professor mid Algar, who has been my colleague for many years in the Department of Near Eastern Studies at the University of California, Berkeley, for encouraging me to work on this book. He made available to me his ten volumes of the Ka sh f al-Asrr, a commentary on the Qurn in Persian which is based on the teachings of Abdullh Anr.

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